Ачасов А. Б.

Purpose: analysis of the features of visual decoding of eroded soils and erosion processes according to remote sensing data. Methods. Remote sensing, field, comparative geographical, historical, cartographic, GIS analysis. Results. The main attention in the article is paid to the features of visual decoding of linear forms of ero-sion. Comparative analysis of aerial photographs of 1943 and modern satellite imagery for the Kharkov region shown that in the second half of the 20th century the growth of gullies was almost stopped due to large-scale anti-erosion measures carried out at that time. Currently the main erosion losses occur in sheet erosion and small gully erosion. The article provides a list of decoding features that determine linear forms of erosion in the imag-es. It is shown problems that can arise during automatic decoding. As an example of artifact formations requiring the participation of a human analyst in the decryption process, the so-called "Turkish Wall" is shown, the traces of which can be erroneously diagnosed as a manifestation of linear erosion Conclusions. Automatic decoding of water erosion processes and an inventory of erosion landforms re-quires the obligatory monitoring of a qualified analyst to eliminate object identification errors.

Purpose. To work out methodological approaches to the use of quadcopters for weeds assesment. Methods. The shooting was carried out using DJI Phantom Vision 2+ and LadyBug Copper Dot. The LadyBug was shoted in the visible and near-infrared range using the 12-megapixel S100 NDVI UAV-Kit camera with elevations: 20 m, 40 m and 60 m. The DJI Phantom Vision 2+ was shot in the visible range of the GoPro 14 megapixel camera altitudes: 10 m, 15 m, 30 m and 60 m. Decryption of photographs was carried out using the controlled classification method in QGIS and TNTmips programs. Weed accounting was performed on control sites 1m2 by weight method, taking into account their qualitative composition. Results. It is shown that the best results of weed recognition during decoding of images was obtained by the use of controlled classification according to the maximum likelihood method under conditions of shooting from heights up to 40 m. In order to improve the recognition of weeds and separate their image from images of cultivated plants, it is expedient to use the object-oriented analysis. At the stage of sunflower budding, about 30% of the weeds are closed from the remote observation, which led to an automatic underestimation of number of weeds. Conclusions. In order to evaluate the crop contamination, it is possible to successfully use the data from UAVs in a visible range of electromagnetic waves under low altitudes (up to 40 meters) and the use of a controlled classification method for decoding images. For the recognition of weeds, the images in the infrared range do not have advantages over images in the visible range. It is necessary to additionally apply ground-based control of weeds to assess the proportion of "hidden" from remote observation of weeds.

Purpose. Evaluate the use kvadrokopteriv for evaluation of weed-infested crops of sunflower. Methods. Aerial survey using drones, object-oriented image analysis. Results. In the article are given the results of as-sessment of a contamination of crops of sunflower by results of decryption of the pictures made by means of the UAV in the visible range.It is shown that the best results of decoding of photo-images are received when using supervised classification by a method of the maximum plausibility. Conclusions. For improving of recognition of weeds and separation of their image from images of cultural plants it is expedient to use the object-oriented analysis.

The existing conception of spatial relations in landscapes are considered. It is shown that use of position spatial measures in some cases has substantial advantages. In particular, position conception can be effectively used for soil mapping. The combination of the said approach with modern GIS technology can significantly speed up the process and objectify soil surveys and building soil maps.

The results of the comparison of archival topographic maps with materials tacheometry are presented. Found that the existing maps are outdated and do not provide objective information about the relief area. The possibilities of the program with respect to WEPP modeling of water erosion are shown.

The ways of improvement of method of the soil drawing a map are offered due to the use of geoinformation technologies. The results of the remote sensing data and digital elevation model combined using for large-scale soil mapping are presented. The integral decoding of this information is considerably improving quality of the created soil maps.

The possibility of geoinformation terrain analysis using for the purpose of spatial estimation of soil moisture is shown. The analysis of the individual parameters of the relief affecting the spatial heterogeneity of topsoil moisture. It is proved that the coefficient of xeromorphic most suitable for the prediction of automorphic soil moisture.