Гололобова О. О.

Purpose. Justification of the introduction of sustainable plant components into the green infrastructure of the urban environment in the context of nature-oriented solutions (on the example of Slobodsky district Kharkiv city). Methods. For the development of inventory maps of open urban landscapes of the Slobodsky district Kharkiv city, occupied by lawns and grass stands of the lawn type, the ArcGIS software product was used and methods of traditional economic calculations. Results. The paper presents a scientific rationale for the introduction of an alternative type of lawn - juni-per into the green infrastructure of the city. Its creation is proposed with the help of horizontal juniper cultivars (Juniperus horizontalis), in particular the 'Prince of Wales' cultivar. This plastic plant, resistant to drought, high and low temperatures, has a high aesthetic expressiveness, and forms new standards for urban landscape design. On the basis of the inventory of lawns and grass stands of the lawn type in the Slobodsky district of Kharkiv, the area of lawns that are in an unsatisfactory condition (36478 m2) was determined, and which are proposed to be reconstructed using the above cultivar. Reconstruction of 36478 m2 of grass stand area by creating juniper lawns and their maintenance will cost UAH 802,516 annually for the local budget, while the use of a traditional roll lawn will cost UAH 8,244,028 annually, that is, approximately UAH 7,500,000 more. Over a full cycle, that is, over 30 years, the savings will amount to UAH 225 million. The use of planting material grown at the city's public utilities, which are engaged in landscaping, will further significantly reduce the cost of creating juniper lawns. Conclusions. Green infrastructure has an effective set of tools for the implementation of effective nature- based solutions for environmental management. The incorporation of the 'Prince of Wales' horizontal juniper cultivar into green infrastructure will help ensure urban sustainability and renew standards for sustainable urban landscape design. The increase in the area of urban open landscapes under the juniper lawn allows not only to effectively enhance the ecological and aesthetic functions of the green infrastructure of the city, but also to significantly save local budget funds.

Mycological study of production as an indicator of the ecological state of natural complexes of Transcarpathian region have shown that concentrations of most metals in the se-like fungi do not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations and ranges from a few hundredths to a tenth of its parts. Joint toxicity of edible mushrooms that grow in the environment were the following sequence: champignon → russule → aspen → white fungus aspen white fungus, indicating that the best ecological as mushrooms among the studied mycological sites.

Provides an assessment of soil contamination on polyelement sample areas with different levels of anthropogenic load of Kharkov and region for the summary measure of pollution Zcj, exponent polyelement Cs contamination for zinc equivalent Znekv, as well as an indicator for the pollution intensity of the natural component.

Purpose. Scientific and practical justification for the introduction of plantings of ornamental perennial cereals and roses of a landscape group in the urban system of the Shevchenkovsky district, Kharkov. Methods For inventory of lawn stands, ArcGIS software was used. The basis for creating an inventory map of lawn stands was two basic maps - “Basemap Imagery” and “OpenStreetMap. The calculation of the total area of the research objects was carried out by using the Attribute Table. Assessment of the design coverage and constitutional structure of the species composition of lawn stands was carried out by A. A. Laptev and E. V. Avdeev. Observation of the ecological state of urban rose gardens was carried out by route examination, the presence of pathologies was determined visually. To determine the optimization measures, the SWOT analysis method was used. Results. An inventory map of urban lawn stands was developed. According to the results of a visual assessment, the T. G. Shevchenko city garden is the standard of landscaping in many territories and has a high level of quality of lawn stands. "23 August" Square sections of lawn populations near the Botanical garden station metro, square on the Klochkovskaya street includes areas of lawn stands with an excellent, good, satisfactory and unsatisfactory level of quality. The surface of Sargin Yar is well planned, the sites have an excellent, good and satisfactory level of quality. Based on the results of lawn stands comprehensive assessment, maps of the quality levels of urban lawn stands for the main recreational zones of the Shevchenkovsky district have been developed. The use of decorative cereals in particular, the impregnation of cylindrical, Chinese Miscanthus, feather grass feather, cane falaris, lightning blue is proposed. Using the SWOT analysis method, the strengths and weaknesses of the lawn stands of the Shevchenkovsky district, the possibilities and risks of their creation are determined. According to the results of an integrated ecological assessment of the varieties of landscape roses "Cordula" and "Tornado", the feasibility of their use in urban gardening is shown. Keeping these varieties in container culture can positively affect the artistic expressiveness of the urban sulfur, will provide a "high concentration of beauty" and solve the problems of wintering. Conclusions. Taking into account the principle of relevance in order to minimize the cost of further supporting the urban landscape, it is possible to develop cost-effective projects for landscaping areas with an unsatisfactory level of quality of lawn cover using decorative cereals. The proposed types of cereal plants are resistant to environmental factors, unpretentious, require minimal maintenance, have a high aesthetic appeal and decorativeness, low cost of creation.

Purpose. Environmental assessment of the quality of surface water of small and medium rivers of the Poltava region, in particular: medium rivers – Psel, Vorskla, Merla and five small rivers –Govtva, Grun, Kolomak, Poluzorie, Tashan. Methods. Field, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, cluster analysis. Results. In accordance with the quality standard for surface water of cultural and household purposes, all indicators for medium-sized rivers are within the normal range. There was an excess of zinc in the waters of small rivers - Grun, Tashyas and Poluzorie. The low content of soluble oxygen does not meet the norm. When comparing values with the norm of quality of water for reservoirs of fishery management, excess BOD-5 for the Vorskla and Psel rivers is defined; the content of ammonia and nitrites significantly exceeded the normative value for the river Vorskla, Psel, Merla. The excess of surfactants for medium rivers is determined. The river Vorskla is mostly polluted with cupper; the Psel river – with zinc and iron, in water from the Gotvva, Tashan, Poluzorie and Grun rivers we have identified exceeding BOD-5. Regarding the water-soluble nitrogen compounds, only the nitrogen content corresponds to the normative value. The greatest pollution with ammonia is observed for the Govtva and Kolomak rivers. Excess of MAC on the content of nitrites was identified for the Kolomak river. As a result of the cluster analysis of the river, the degree and nature of pollution of surface water are grouped into three main groups: the first is the Kolomak river, the second one is the Merla, Psel, Grun, Vorskla rivers, the third one is the Tashan, Poluzorie and Govtva rivers. In the future, the results can serve as a tool for regulation, monitoring and solution of pollution problems. Conclusions. Small rivers of Poltava region are under considerable anthro-pogenic impact, their ecological status is estimated as ecological regression. Therefore, priority attention should be paid to improving the ecological status of small rivers in the Poltava region and implementation of the pro-posed nature conservation measures.

Purpose. Study of agroecological substantiation of the possibility to use organic waste in the production of humates as fertilizers of the main application for vegetable crops. Methods. Field, chemical, atomic absorp-tion spectrometry. Results. The calculation of the total indicator of pollution showed that the soil of the fertilized experimental site belongs to the slightly contaminated soils. According to the soil-agrochemical criteria, namely, the content of organic matter, mobile phosphorus and potassium, the reaction of soil solution, soil on the control and, optionally, with the introduction of organic waste, is suitable for organic farming. The evaluation of the suitability of the soil for the content of heavy metals revealed that the content of zinc, copper, lead, cobalt, manganese, nickel revealed that it is suitable for the organic farming. Zinc (0.31 mg / kg) and manganese (4.98 mg / kg) content are conventionally suitable. Analysis of the content of trace elements in organic waste showed that it contains manganese, copper, zinc in quantities, corresponding to the lower boundary of the value interval, inherent in untreated manure. Thus, the amount of manganese in manure is 75 - 549, in the studied sample - 60 mg / kg, copper - 7,6-40,8, zinc 0,84-4,18, in the sample - 5,88, 44,95 mg / kg respectively. That is, in terms of its microelement status, corresponds to the composition of the manure. An assessment of the environmental quality of vegetable products grown when organic wastes produced by humates as fertilizers of the main input showed that no element exceeds the maximum permissible concentrations. The analysis of the bioaccumulation coefficients for vegetable products grown in the course of the introduction of organic waste showed that none of the vegetables accumulate in the economic part of the crop of heavy metals. Conclusions. Studies have shown high agroecological efficiency of the use of organic waste of humates production as the main fertilizer for the production of environmentally safe high quality vegetable products.

Studies are devoted to the ecological assessment of the pond aquatic ecosystem components, Bobrivka village, Kharkiv district, Kharkiv oblast. Purpose. In order to achieve the goal, it was tasked to determine the seasonal redistribution of hydrochemical indicators, especially the distribution of heavy metals in the system "water-bottom sediments- hydrobionts". Methods. The toxicological analysis of the accumulation of heavy metals in fishery products made it possible to assess the suitability of the pond for fish breeding. It is shown that the hydrochemical parameters fully meet swater quality standards for cultural-household and recreational purposes. Results. Toxicological assessment of water suitability for fish breeding revealed a complex situation in several indicators. The content of free ammonia at all stages of sampling significantly exceeded the MAC values for fish breeding. In autumn, this figure was the highest and was 9.6 MAC. Excess the MAC values for fish breeding is fixed for nitric nitrogen. It is 1.1-4.2 MAC.The toxicological assessment for the water for fishing has shown difficult situation with respect to copper and zinc. For copper and zinc, the maximum excessive MAC was observed in December, its value was respectively 73 MAC and 19 MAC.The total iron concentration, the value of hydrogen indicator and easily soluble organic compounds are within the MAC values.Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd contents in muscle tissues of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Cyprinus carpio does not exceed the MAC values. Conclusions. A choice of measures is proposed to protect the pond from pollution, which must be performed for the suitability of the water pond for fish breeding.

A modern study of the role of silicon in the physiology of cultivated plants, in the soil fertility and in the production of quality and environmentally safe plant products remains one of the pressing and in-demand in practice. Purpose. Assessment of environmental and economic efficiency of modern methods of growing vegetables. Methods. Field, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, variance. Results. Field studies have been conducted on the plot of land in the village of. Orihikka of the Lubny District of the Poltava region during 2015-2016. In the autumn of 2015, an experiment with the following plot variants was planted on the plots: 1. Control - a plot without fertilization; 2. control – +2 foliar feeding; 3. N60P40K60; 4. N60P40K60 + 2 foliar nutrition; 5. 30 t / ha semi-perforated manure; 6. 30 t / ha semi-permafrost + 2 extra root feedings. The area of each site was 15 m2. Repeat options - triple.For siliceous-potassium foliar nutrition, complex fertilizers containing silicon and potassium "Quantum-AQUASIL" were used. The agrostatus of our choice is the steel plate feeding of vegetable plants of tomatoes and sweet pepper, which is carried out by 0.5% solution of the preparation by standard spraying in the evening in the second, fourth and sixth variants of the experiment. Two treatments were carried out: the first-in-phase of budding, the second - at the beginning of the formation of fruits.Researched ahrostatus not cause soil contamination with heavy metals. The maximum increase of harvest tomatoes in the experiment is 13.2 kg / ha of sweet pepper in the experiment is 5.2 kg / ha on the background of manure and foliar nutrition siliciclastic-potassium fertilizer. The same results were obtained for the variant with the introduction of complete fertilizer and foliar nutrition siliciclastic-potassium fertilizer. Against the background of manure siliciclastic double-sheet feeding potash contributed detox effect with respect to heavy metals, pollutants and also helped to shape better trace element composition.Conclusions. It is shown that the most appropriate to the ecological-economic approach is the cultivation of vegetable crops (tomato and pepper), with application of organic fertilizers and double silicon-potassium foliar treatment.

It is shown that two-times application of silicon- potassium concentrate on leaves can optimise not only potassium but also nitrogen and phosphate components of plants. The effectiveness of the detox-effect of silicon- potassium fertilization for leaves is studied. The Pb concentration has decreased in the chestnut leaves in 14 times, Cd concentration – in 2 times. Cd concentration in the linden leaves has decreased in 2 times, Pb concentration – in 1.9 times. In the linden flowers the Cd concentration has decreased in 2.5 times.

For example farm Vasil region Zaporozhye region conducted environmental and agrochemical examination of soil and irrigated water, as defined by ecological and economic assessment of land use. As a result of agroecological assessment of agricultural land in small farms and research shows the necessity of a series of measures to stabilize and improve the quality of the soil to ensure ecological balance agrocenosis.