Добронос П. А.

Purpose. To assess the main trends in the formation of nature reserves and the degree of protection of the territory of Sumy region to determine the directions of development of the regional ecological net-work. Methods. Methods of historical analysis, statistical processing, spatial modeling, evaluation and generalization of the obtained data are used. Results. During the study period since 1991, the area of NPF has increased 5.44 times, and the num-ber of NPF objects - almost 2 times and in 2019 is 275 units. Comparison of administrative districts of Sumy region by the number of NPF objects allows to determine the districts - "leaders": Romensky (37), Sumy and Lebedyn (25 pieces each), Krolevets (24) and districts - outsiders - Buryn (5), Shostka (7) and Velykopysarivsky 8). By the area of the nature reserve fund "leaders" - Putivl district (39298.55 hectares) and Konotop district (32440.7 hectares). The discrepancy between a large number of objects and the area of the NPF prompted the determination of the percentage of reserves and modeling of the relationship between these three indicators. Based on car-tographic visualization and statistical modeling, recommendations have been developed, the main of which are: intensification of the creation of NPF objects of local significance, first of all, in the areas that are most "lagging behind" in the process of bequest; renewal of previously rejected NFP Projects and facil-itate their approval; initiating activities to promote tourist routes on unique natural, historical, ethnograph-ic sites of the NPF for economic support of communities. Conclusions. It is established that the degree of protection of the territory of Sumy region is lower than recommended and averages 7.43%. Spatially, there is a band of high concentration of NPF objects with relatively large areas, which even exceeds the recommended (Konotop, Krolevets and Putivl, or ac-cording to the new zoning - Krolevets district) in the central part of the region, which is surrounded on both sides by areas with low percentage (up to 5%) of protected areas and only the extreme northern and southern parts of the region (Seredino-Budsky, Trostyanetsky, Velykopysarivsky and Okhtyrsky districts) are approaching the norm in terms of the percentage of protected areas. The patterns identified by model-ing allow us to recommend increasing the share of NPF in the total area of the region in two directions - increasing the area of the existing facilities or creating a large number of new ones with small areas.

Conservation agriculture is becoming a priority for Ukraine as well as for many countries of the world. It is a known fact that high content of heavy metals in the soil impairs fertility and carries the risk of crops translo-cation. An agroecological effect of obtaining and applying organic-mineral fertilizers has been insufficiently studied so far. The purpose of the work is to determine possibilities to produce new organic-mineral fertilizers based on sewage sludge with enhanced adsorbing properties, to establish their agroecological efficiency. Methods. Field, laboratory-analytical, statistical-mathematical. Results. From the agroecological point of view, the production process of organic-mineral fertilizers based on the sewage sludge of Kharkiv is justified. It allows us to expand functional capabilities of reagents, enhancing adsorbing properties of heavy metals. It is proved the advantage of organic-mineral fertilizers over the traditional ones on chernozem typical. After fertilization, the content of total carbon in the soil increased, the content of humic acids increased by 1,5 – 2,8 times, fulvic acids – by 1,1 – 1,7 times, the total sum of humic substances – by 1,3 – 2,1 times compared with no fertilizer option. It is established that application of organic-mineral fertilizers promotes blocking of heavy metals in soil and prevents translocation to plant. Maximum yields of corn were obtained after the local application of granular organic-mineral fertilizers – the yield increase was 41% compared to the control, after introduction of bulk fertilizers – 32% compared to the control. Profit was $ 23 -36 per hectare. Conclusions. The process of organic-mineral fertilizers production on the basis of sewage sludge in Kharkiv is substantiated from the agro-ecological point of view. Agroecological and agrochemical efficacy of sewage sludge use as compared to organic and mineral fertilizers applied in equivalent doses separately was established on the typical heavy loam chernozem. After introduction of organic-mineral fertilizers based on sewage sludge a significant increase in the concentration of trace elements and heavy metals was found in the black soil but these indicators did not exceed the established maximum permissible concentrations. The implementation of the proposed technology will reduce bioavailability of heavy metals and their mobility in the soil which, in turn, impedes their accumulation in products. It is expected to increase soil fertility, crop yields and obtain environmentally friendly and safe products due to the stable composition of innovative fertilizers.