Крайнюков А. Н.

Consider the feasibility of improving methods of establishing a class of environmental hazard waste, based on the calculation method used, taking into account the content of some chemical compounds - components of waste and hygiene, physical, chemical and toxicological characteristics. The method of risk assessment of wastes to the environment, taking into account environmental criteria by experimental determination of the total toxicity of all those present in the waste chemicals to organism srepresentatives of biota, soil, groundwater and surface water. By amending the present experimental technique for technique, based on the results of biological testing of water extracts from wastes will take into account the real danger of waste for biotic component of terrestrial and aquatic eco-systems.

Purpose. The paper is devoted to some aspects that influence the formation of landscapes. Among the main objectives of the study: to consider the anthropogenic load as one of the factors influencing the develop-ment and change of landscapes; to give an analysis of the scientific works of scientists who have considered issues of landscape science in general, as well as anthropogenic landscape science; to consider the importance of research results that can be used in projects for the conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. Re-sults. The landscape, being a multifunctional formation, is suitable for performing a different type of activity, but the functions it performs should correspond to its natural properties and resource potential. One of the basic principles of the protection of natural landscapes is the preservation of their structure and nature of functioning in conditions of intensive environmental management, and as a result of anthropogenic pollution. Conclusions. Conducting environmental management in any territory requires an objective and comprehensive environmental assessment of the state of the environment. Integrated assessment of the state of the environment and the geological environment in particular (the natural-geological environment) is the most complex geo-ecological task located in the cognitive methodological and methodological chain: system approach → system analysis → integrated assessment. Since there is no single integrated indicator of the ecological state in nature, a number of bioindication, spatial and dynamic indicators serve as criteria for assessing the ecological state of natural environments and ecosystems, and the integrated assessment is based on a certain number of the most representative indicators.

We consider the feasibility of implementing new information technologies and the possibilities of modern computer systems, including electronic testing program «TShell ver. 2.5» for evaluating the quality of computer knowledge. Developed electronic testing tasks and testing of students by computer 2, 3 and 4 courses in these subjects: «Biology», «Reserved business», «Environmental monitoring», «Basic Biotechnology», «Bioindication aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems», «Contact methods in ecology», «Ecological safety of food». The results of computer testing the quality of student learning

Purpose. The risk assessment for human health using petroleum contaminated drinking water from mine wells. Methods. Methods RAIS (US-EPA). Results. There are results of the risk assessment for human health using petroleum contaminated drinking water from mine wells. For the calculation of risk measurement results used oil content in the water which is taken away from the mine wells in 2015 when examining basin of Siv.Donets within Balakliyivskiy, Chuguevskiy and Izyumskiy districts (Kharkiv region). To solve this problem we used technique RAIS (US-EPA). Conclusions. The most sensitive to the pollutant children; greatest gravity of prolonged exposure is fixed dermal contact. The highest risk of chronic effects observed with village Andriyivka Balakliyivskiy district and in the village Stara Hnylycia Chuguevskiy district.

Purpose. Determination of lethal levels of acute and chronic toxicity of water. Methods. Biotesting. Results. The paper presents the results of experimental studies within the implementation of which was developed algorithms and how to quantify the levels of lethal acute and chronic toxicity of water using bioassay techniques for tseriodafniyah. The classification scale based on a synthesis of a large array of many years of experimental data to determine the toxicity of more than 3600 samples of wastewater enterprises of various sectors of the economy and the quality of some 2,000 water samples in surface water basins Seversky Donets, Dnieper, Dniester, Danube, Southern Bug and Western Bug. Conclusions. For these bioassay methods, the following metrological characteristics: error bioassay results; reproducibility bioassay; standard operational control reproducibility bioassay results; range response test object.

The article presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of the ecological state of water objects Basin Donets using indicators that characterize the level of anthropogenic pollution of abiotic and biotic components of aquatic ecosystems. It is shown that water quality in the 25 cross-sections of rivers Seversky Donets, Uda, Lopan, Kharkiv, Oskol, Nemyshlya, Suhoy Torets and Pechenga and Krasnooskolskogo reservoirs in 2011 - 2012 did not meet the standards of fishery MPC (the state of the abiotic component), and in 52% of cases (2011) and 64% (2012) did not meet the quality standards for ecotoxicological indicator (status of biotic components of aquatic ecosystems). The poor ecological state of water objects Basin Donets is the result of discharge to surface water bodies basin wastewater contaminated with environmentally hazardous chemicals.

The results of experimental researches are presented to metrology descriptions establishment of biotesting methodology for determine the chronic toxicity water with the usage of Ceriodaphnia affinis Lilljeborg crusta-ceans. It has been used the potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) as an etalon substance.

The article presents the dependence between results of composition waste and surface water according to physical, chemical and toxicological characteristics. It was found the lack of statistically significant linear de-pendence between the results of bioassay and measurement of physical and chemical composition of the wastewater chemical and petrochemical plants and water bodies of water, which were taken above and below wastewater discharges. For mine water from the drive it was installed a weak correlation between bioassay results and their physi-cal and chemical composition, but the corresponding regression equation proved statistically insignificant, for water of water bodies, which are discharged mine water, it was set the average measurement between the above indicators.

In-process the considered questions of bringing in of structurally-geographical methodology of system com-bination of landscape and ecological approaches are at a ground and practical introduction of norms ecologically possible anthropogenic loading on aquatic landscapes. The scientifically-methodical providing of setting of norms of anthropogenic contamination of aquatic landscapes is created - superficial water objects ecologically by dangerous chemicals by the improvement of algorithm and procedure of establishment of norms ecologically safe water consumption and development of national List maximum of possible concentrations of substances for water of water objects of water consumption. .

For research of intercommunication between the levels of toxicness and muddiness of water were drawn on the results of measuring of component composition and determination of toxicness of sewages of enterprises of the different industries of economy, located on territory of a few areas of Ukraine. It is shown that in each of cases the set of meaningful physical and chemical indexes which correlate with data of biotesting is different and depends on component composition of sewages. The brought results over are base on the use of far of experimental data and have an important practical value for the exposure of reasons of origin of toxic properties of sewages with the purpose of realization of corresponding nature protection measures on their removal.