Крайнюков О. М.

Methodological Principles of the Construction Geography on the Study of the State and Protection of Natural Landscapes

Purpose. The paper is devoted to some aspects that influence the formation of landscapes. Among the main objectives of the study: to consider the anthropogenic load as one of the factors influencing the develop-ment and change of landscapes; to give an analysis of the scientific works of scientists who have considered issues of landscape science in general, as well as anthropogenic landscape science; to consider the importance of research results that can be used in projects for the conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. Re-sults. The landscape, being a multifunctional formation, is suitable for performing a different type of activity, but the functions it performs should correspond to its natural properties and resource potential. One of the basic principles of the protection of natural landscapes is the preservation of their structure and nature of functioning in conditions of intensive environmental management, and as a result of anthropogenic pollution. Conclusions. Conducting environmental management in any territory requires an objective and comprehensive environmental assessment of the state of the environment. Integrated assessment of the state of the environment and the geological environment in particular (the natural-geological environment) is the most complex geo-ecological task located in the cognitive methodological and methodological chain: system approach → system analysis → integrated assessment. Since there is no single integrated indicator of the ecological state in nature, a number of bioindication, spatial and dynamic indicators serve as criteria for assessing the ecological state of natural environments and ecosystems, and the integrated assessment is based on a certain number of the most representative indicators.

Landscape-Ecological Principle Set Standards Of Anthropogenic Impact On Surface Waters

The article presents the scientific rationale, general requirements and principles set standards of ecological safety for water of water objects of fishery; it has been formulated requirements for water quality of surface water objects to ensure normal functioning of aquatic geoecosystem. It has been also developed and worked instructional techniques and procedures for establishing standards of ecological safety of water management - fishery the maximum concentration limit substances. Generalized results establish ecological and fisheries fishery standard - the maximum concentration limit (MCL) morpholine. In terms of the value of the MCL (0.125 mg / l), stability in the aquatic environment (reduc-tion of 95% concentration is 32 days), the index of material accumulation in organs and tissues of fish (0,85-2,4), the degree of factor of defeat aquatic geoecosystem ( 1.1) morpholine belongs to 3 hazard class.
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