Сонько С. П.

The specialization of agriculture, which has long been regarded as an economic category, is today gaining a new meaning - environmental content, becoming a link between human nutritional needs and the ability of natural ecosystems to address these problems. Purpose. To substantiate the scientific need to "fit in" the specialization of agriculture in the dynamics of natural ecosystems on the complex path of their transformation into agroecosystems. Results. The process of interaction between nature and society (movement) in planetary space-time is represent-ed as two of its main components - nature and society. One of the main causes of the environmental problem lies in the different speeds of development of nature and society. The result of this difference is necessarily "de-layed" in the geographical space. Such "prints" were found in the Kharkiv region, where the dynamics of agroe-cosystems were studied. Because the boundaries of agro-ecosystems are constructive, that is, they are constantly changing, they form their spatial entities, different from administrative boundaries. But in natural ecosystems, adaptation mechanisms are much more sophisticated, primarily because of the multilevel nature of natural communities as opposed to the monoculture practiced in agroecosystems. Adaptive agroecosystems are widely used to solve the environmental problems of modern agriculture, in which widespread consideration, full steam crop rotation, biodiversity increases, manure is completely utilized, biomethods are applied. Actually, adaptation is the search for such forms of agriculture that would meet the natural capabilities of a certain area. Conclusions. In the course of noospherogenesis, the species "Homo Sapiens" has formed its own, no less natu-ral, ecosystem - an agroecosystem that has undergone a complex evolution. Given that agriculture is the closest in terms of material-energy relations to the natural ecosystems of the industry, the search for such forms of management (specialization) that would meet the natural capabilities of a particular area is probably the main task, the solution of which will promote a balanced use of the agro-sphere. From the point of view of the theory and methodology of environmental science, noospheric ecosystems, among which the closest to the natural ones are agroecosystems, have already been formed and can become the object of research that will bring neo-ecology known to domestic ecologists, but not generally observed.

Puporse. Analysis of the environmental problems associated with disposal of wastes of different origin and justification for their use vermykultury solving, evaluation of air (ammonia and hydrogen sulfide) in the area of livestock complex, аssessment of the suitability of fallen leaves of a hazel tree as a filler for a vermicompost. Methods. Field - air sampling versatile portable gas analyzer UG-2 type, Laboratory methods - determination of the content of carbohydrates, proteins in the fallen leaves. Results. Analyzes some environmental problems: burning city leaves and dry grass and environmentally environment near enterprises with livestock production. The condition of the air in the area of livestock complex - rabbit farm of "Krolikoff" posted on the site Mankivskoho in Cherkasy region over the years 2012-2014 at distances of 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 meters from the handling of manure and 300 meters - at the border of the nearest existing residential development. The highest content of ammonia in the air found in the area of handling manure 9.2 mg / m3 (in winter) and 18.2 mg / m3 (in summer), significantly higher than the permissible sanitary-epidemiological norms. With increasing distance from the storage area decreases the concentration of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in the air, at a distance of 20 m - 2.1 (in summer) and 2.2 times (winter), 100 m (at the border of sanitary zones for objects of this class of danger) - 26 and 23 times. Fugitive emissions do not create a rabbit farm on the edge of existing residential buildings abnormal levels of air pollution. Conclusions. A necessary condition is the creation of environmental and covering manure storage on all sides with a layer of peat or ground; continue to use manure as organic fertilizer to improve quality and accelerate chemical processes of fermentation technology used vermykompostuvannya.

The problem of different approaches to the modern interpretation of the concepts of «landscape», «antropohenic landscape» and «natural landscape». Based on the analysis of the new terminology of the authors track retrospective change that dominant processes in the landscape and their consequences. Ending debate is to offer authors use Landscape planning to harmonize current challenges in environmental management of areas of different functional purpose. Listed stages of landscape planning and their possible results.