Тимченко В. Д.

Purpose. The paper is devoted to some aspects that influence the formation of landscapes. Among the main objectives of the study: to consider the anthropogenic load as one of the factors influencing the develop-ment and change of landscapes; to give an analysis of the scientific works of scientists who have considered issues of landscape science in general, as well as anthropogenic landscape science; to consider the importance of research results that can be used in projects for the conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. Re-sults. The landscape, being a multifunctional formation, is suitable for performing a different type of activity, but the functions it performs should correspond to its natural properties and resource potential. One of the basic principles of the protection of natural landscapes is the preservation of their structure and nature of functioning in conditions of intensive environmental management, and as a result of anthropogenic pollution. Conclusions. Conducting environmental management in any territory requires an objective and comprehensive environmental assessment of the state of the environment. Integrated assessment of the state of the environment and the geological environment in particular (the natural-geological environment) is the most complex geo-ecological task located in the cognitive methodological and methodological chain: system approach → system analysis → integrated assessment. Since there is no single integrated indicator of the ecological state in nature, a number of bioindication, spatial and dynamic indicators serve as criteria for assessing the ecological state of natural environments and ecosystems, and the integrated assessment is based on a certain number of the most representative indicators.

The issue of the ecological consequences of anthropogenic pollution of surface water is effectively addressed in the EU countries within the framework of the implementation of the provisions of Directive 2004/35 / EC. In particular, the following indicators are recommended for the assessment of the ecological consequences of pollution of aquatic landscapes and the degree of disturbance of the properties of the aquatic ecosystem: the presence and condition of the dominant species of aquatic organisms, their biomass, the distribution area, the ability to reproduce, the provision of favorable living conditions, etc. Purpose. Ecotoxicological studies effects of anthropogenic pollution of aquatic landscapes reverse water enterprises in various industries located in the Dnipropetrovsk region. Methods. Bioassay techniques for algae, crustaceans and fishes. Results. Shown that the return water 11 companies out of 14 have done used a toxic effect on the test - organisms. The most toxic water appeared to reverse JSC "Evraz - Dnieper Metallurgical Factory". Based on the assessment of the impact of reverse water discharges on the quality of surface water, it has been established that the damaging factor of the aquatic ecosystem of the rivers Dnipro, Saksagan, Ingulets, Bokovenko and Sukhiy Chortomlyk, in which toxic back water (toxicity classes II and III) is discharged, is from 1.2 and 1,3, respectively. Such a degree of damage is characterized by a violation of the structure of the aquatic ecosystem, the nature of its functioning, a decrease in bio-productivity and self-purifying water capacity.Conclusions. As a result of the discharge of surface water toxic wastewaters disturbed structure and the functioning of aquatic ecosystems, and reduced productivity in its self-cleaning ability.