Gololobova O. O.

Studies are devoted to the ecological assessment of the pond aquatic ecosystem components, Bobrivka village, Kharkiv district, Kharkiv oblast. Purpose. In order to achieve the goal, it was tasked to determine the seasonal redistribution of hydrochemical indicators, especially the distribution of heavy metals in the system "water-bottom sediments- hydrobionts". Methods. The toxicological analysis of the accumulation of heavy metals in fishery products made it possible to assess the suitability of the pond for fish breeding. It is shown that the hydrochemical parameters fully meet swater quality standards for cultural-household and recreational purposes. Results. Toxicological assessment of water suitability for fish breeding revealed a complex situation in several indicators. The content of free ammonia at all stages of sampling significantly exceeded the MAC values for fish breeding. In autumn, this figure was the highest and was 9.6 MAC. Excess the MAC values for fish breeding is fixed for nitric nitrogen. It is 1.1-4.2 MAC.The toxicological assessment for the water for fishing has shown difficult situation with respect to copper and zinc. For copper and zinc, the maximum excessive MAC was observed in December, its value was respectively 73 MAC and 19 MAC.The total iron concentration, the value of hydrogen indicator and easily soluble organic compounds are within the MAC values.Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd contents in muscle tissues of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Cyprinus carpio does not exceed the MAC values. Conclusions. A choice of measures is proposed to protect the pond from pollution, which must be performed for the suitability of the water pond for fish breeding.

A modern study of the role of silicon in the physiology of cultivated plants, in the soil fertility and in the production of quality and environmentally safe plant products remains one of the pressing and in-demand in practice. Purpose. Assessment of environmental and economic efficiency of modern methods of growing vegetables. Methods. Field, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, variance. Results. Field studies have been conducted on the plot of land in the village of. Orihikka of the Lubny District of the Poltava region during 2015-2016. In the autumn of 2015, an experiment with the following plot variants was planted on the plots: 1. Control - a plot without fertilization; 2. control – +2 foliar feeding; 3. N60P40K60; 4. N60P40K60 + 2 foliar nutrition; 5. 30 t / ha semi-perforated manure; 6. 30 t / ha semi-permafrost + 2 extra root feedings. The area of each site was 15 m2. Repeat options - triple.For siliceous-potassium foliar nutrition, complex fertilizers containing silicon and potassium "Quantum-AQUASIL" were used. The agrostatus of our choice is the steel plate feeding of vegetable plants of tomatoes and sweet pepper, which is carried out by 0.5% solution of the preparation by standard spraying in the evening in the second, fourth and sixth variants of the experiment. Two treatments were carried out: the first-in-phase of budding, the second - at the beginning of the formation of fruits.Researched ahrostatus not cause soil contamination with heavy metals. The maximum increase of harvest tomatoes in the experiment is 13.2 kg / ha of sweet pepper in the experiment is 5.2 kg / ha on the background of manure and foliar nutrition siliciclastic-potassium fertilizer. The same results were obtained for the variant with the introduction of complete fertilizer and foliar nutrition siliciclastic-potassium fertilizer. Against the background of manure siliciclastic double-sheet feeding potash contributed detox effect with respect to heavy metals, pollutants and also helped to shape better trace element composition.Conclusions. It is shown that the most appropriate to the ecological-economic approach is the cultivation of vegetable crops (tomato and pepper), with application of organic fertilizers and double silicon-potassium foliar treatment.