Klieshch A. A.

Purpose. Development of methodical approaches to the development of water protection zones in cities based on the principles of landscape-ecological planning. Methods. GIS modeling using remote sensing data. ArcGIS 10.0 operational features (in particular, vectorization, buffering, algebra mapping tools) were used as a software for spatial analysis of data. Results. The analysis of modern Ukrainian water protection legislation has allowed to identify a number of problems in the design and development of water protection areas in the rivers within a city. For their solution, initial provisions of the organization of water protection zones in cities, derived from the principles of landscape-ecological planning, have been formulated: 1) unified rules and unequivocal demands for project development; 2) an integrated approach for solutions development; 3) subordination of goals of city-planning to the goals of environmental protection; 4) strategic goals and progressive implementation of the water protection policy. The basic algorithm of landscape-ecological planning of "urban" water protection zones has been substantiated. It consists of the following 4 stages: inventory, estimation, analysis and generalization, development of the concept for development of the water protective zone. A "hybrid" approach to the design of water protection zones is proposed, which allows to adjust the normatively defined territorial configuration in accordance with the value of the water protection potential of the landscape. Approbation of the methodology is carried out for the Udy River within the Kharkiv city borders, as a result of which a set of cartographic models was created, including the design of the boundaries of the territory of the water protection zone and the zoning of its territory in accordance with the integral goals. For a specific territory of the water protection zone, a list of recommended envi ronmental measures has been developed. Conclusions. Application of the landscape and ecological planning principles during development of water protection zones within cities implies the need for changes in existing approaches to their development. As a result of the approbation of the proposed methodology we have developed the GIS project which can be used as the basic model of the territorial configuration of the water protection zone of the Udy River within Kharkiv in the course of its development.

The purpose of the research is to establish and analyze the modern territorial structure of the nature management of the city of Kharkiv for further use in the process of its landscape planning. Methods. Visual decoding of satellite images, vectorization of raster images, analysis of topological correctness and mapometric calculation of areas. Results. On the basis of the analysis of satellite images of the city's landscape coverage and its subsequent classification according to the types of nature use, a cartographic work "Territorial structure of the nature management of the city of Kharkiv" was made. A quantitative assessment of the differentiation of different types of nature management has shown that the largest share is occupied by the residential type, represented by residential and public buildings - 39% of the city. The second type of nature use in Kharkiv is the protective and recreational type, which occupies 27% of the entire territory. Industrial type of nature management occupies 15% of the territory of the city of Kharkiv and is represented by industrial enterprises and mining quarries, which accounted for 98% and 2% respectively. The following territorial distribution is the agrarian type of nature use - 9% of the city's area. The largest share of agrarian type occupies the agricultural type of nature use - 67% of the total area of the type. All transport types of nature use together occupy 8% of the city, half of which are streets of local importance (51%). Conclusions. The main tendencies of spatial distribution of types of nature use are revealed, namely: industrial and residential types of nature management, form spatial "agglomerates", much of which tends to the neighborhood with the areas of aquatic nature use; Territories with an agrarian type of nature management are located on the city suburbs and represent "rudimentary" remnants of the "pre-urbanization" nature of nature use, the protective and recreational type has a unconnected territories and does not create the ecological environmental - stabilizing framework of the city. On the basis of the obtained data, the prospects and possibilities of using this approach to inventory cartographic works for the needs of landscape planning of territorial development of cities are presented.