Nekos A. N.

The problem of smoking is almost the most common among human addictions, which is very difficult to give up. A person spends a lot of his life neglecting his health to buy cigarettes and get temporary pleasure. The issue of quality and environmental safety of cigarette components – tobacco, tissue paper and filters worries both cigarette consumers and environmentalists, doctors and others. specialists. Of course, the use of low-quality product from cigarette manufacturers harms not only the human body but also the environment. Purpose. Determine the quality and environmental safety (presence of concentrations of heavy metals) of tobacco, cigarette paper and cigarette filters of domestic and foreign brands. Methods. Methods of atomic absorption spectrometry using the atomic absorption spectrometer MGA 915 MD. Results. Experimental studies by atomic absorption analysis on the concentrations of heavy metals in to-bacco, cigarette filters and paper showed the presence of heavy metals: Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb. Studies of vari-ous tobacco brands have found that the highest concentrations of heavy metals were in the tobacco of the cheapest cigarettes (up to 150 mg / kg), in cigarette paper found only Mn, Zn., When comparing the content of the most toxic heavy metals Cd and Pb in the cigarettes "Parliament" and "Kyiv" and "LM" it was determined that in the tobacco of "Parliament" cigarettes HM concentrations are 7–10 times lower.. Conclusions. There is a tendency to decrease the concentration of heavy metals in the components of cigarettes depending on the price category of the tobacco product. Thus, for the most part, the components of cigarettes of domestic brands have tens of times higher concentrations of heavy metals than cigarettes of the American manufacturer.

Due to the rapid development of urban areas, the environment is undergoing significant changes. This also applies to the visual environment. Man deforms the appearance of the natural environment, adjusts to himself, constantly bringing new and new architectural structures and elements. However, solving the problems of urban infrastructure has exacerbated the problems of visual comfort. Therefore, there is a need for a clear assessment of the visual environment. Purpose. To determine the qualitative characteristics of the video-ecological situation of the Kholodnogirsk administrative district of the city of Kharkiv. Methods. Field research and assessment of the visual environment of the city district; method of objective assessment by photofixation; quantitative method of assessing the aggressiveness of the visual urban environment; method of calculating the index of severity of the lesion and the degree of lesion of White Mistletoe. Results. The various visual fields of the urban environment, homogeneous and aggressive, were investigated and determined. The smallest indicator of the homogeneity of the visual environment in the Kholodnogirsk district of Kharkiv is observed around the territory of the Yunost Park – 3%, the largest – around the park on the Volonteer Street - 55%. It is determined that the index of aggressiveness of the visual environment varies from 0.66 to the maximum possible 1. The degree of landscaping of the Kholodnogirsk district of the city of Kharkiv is established. The maximum rate of landscaping - 37%, determined in the park on the Volonteer Street and the minimum - 6% on the Pryvokzalʹna ploshcha. The results of calculations of the index of severity of damage and the degree of damage to trees of recreational areas of the area by mistletoe (Viscum album L.) showed - severity index – 10.5% and degree of damage – 27.3%, observed in Tivoli Garden, the smallest – in Yunost Park – 3.4% (index of seriousness) and the square of O. I. Meshchaninov Square – 8% ( degree of damage to tree species). Conclusions. In recent years, there has been a significant deterioration in the visual environment in cities where most of the population lives. It was revealed that for the territory of the Kholodnogirsk district of the city of Kharkiv, the highest homogeneity indicators are inherent in locations with old buildings, and aggressiveness is in a new building. This demonstrates the need for a well-equipped recreation areas that can "mask" of visual ground discomfort urbogeosystem. An important component of the comfortable visual environment of the city - landscaping, for the Kholodnogirsk district of Kharkiv, in accordance with the standards, is not sufficient. One of the most important factors in reducing the number of green areas is the invasion of tree species by mistletoe (Viscum album L.) It is necessary to focus the attention of local authorities on videoecological problems requiring a comprehensive solution.

One of the key planned outcomes of Erasmus+ project “Integrated Doctoral Program for Environmental Policy, Management and Technology – INTENSE” is development of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)

Purpose. Assess the visual environment of the Novobavarskiy district within Kharkiv urban ecosystem. Methods. Field-based visual observation, photophixation and video recording, statistical. Results. We used a five-point scale to assess the "attractiveness" of territories and objects regarding the psycho-physiological state of a person to determine the quality of the visual environment of Novobavarskiy district, Kharkiv. As a result of video-environmental studies, it was discovered that there are homogeneous and aggressive fields in the visual environment on the territory of Kharkiv. In most cases the aesthetics of the district architecture has a neutral character, bacause a significant number of buildings does not have a variety of visual elements, so as homogeneous and aggressive areas can be found in great variety. It is determined that in the district there are 36% of comfortable visual fields, 13% are homogeneous and 51% are aggressive visual fields. Recently, there has been positive dynamics in the formation of a comfortable visual environment of the district's housing stock. When building new houses and renovating old buildings, different colours for facades are used. The interior is filled with attractive children's playgrounds and green spaces which transforms the aggressive and homogeneous fields of the visual environment into a comfortable one. Conclusions. The situation shows that it is necessary to create a comfortable visual environment that is not represented sufficiently in this district. In this case, there is a real threat to the physiological functions of the brain regarding the perception of information about the visual environment. And in the future it is also necessary to solve these problems using technologies that have been tested and implemented successfully in European countries.

Purpose. determine and substantiate effective methods of implementation the competence approach of personally oriented direction during teaching ecology in schools. Methods. Traditional pedagogical, sociological, statistical. Results. According to the research, the students expressed a desire to study ecology in themes other lessons, based on differentiated and interdisciplinary principles. Among the methods of learning, interest was aroused excursions to industrial plants and wastewater treatment plants, nature lessons, experiments with animals, practice in laboratory and viewing of thematic movies. Most children agreed to participate in environmental projects as volunteers, guided by motives of environmental protection. Conclusions. The investigated approaches contribute to the motivation; meet individual learner needs and professional self-realization; as well as the development and consolidation of competences necessary for harmonious human coexistence with the environment.

There are highlights the ecological value of the forest as a set of executable him socially important functions: of soil, water conservation, climate-recreational, aesthetic and so on. Wood is also considered as a stable ecological and economic system of traditional commercial value. The approach on the identification of High Conservation Value Forest (HCVF). Determined that the basic principles of preservation and reproduction of forest resources, aimed at improving the environmental beneficial properties of wood, is to achieve environmentally oriented forest with the study and consideration of forest resources, depending on the zoning and comprehensive ecological and economic forest with environmentally advanced technologies.

Analysis of air in small cities of Kharkiv region was done. It was determined the main pollutants, composition and dynamics of pollution emissions. It was found that air quality small cities Kharkiv region unsatisfactory. It must be taken appropriate management decisions in the field of air protection.

Based on the findings it can be argued that if the possibility of man-made pollution of atmosphere-reflex to avoid cultivation of home gardens leafy vegetables such kapus-you. Among nadhruntovyh vegetables differen-tiation observed metal-accumulative properties of plants according to their physiological characteristics. Based on comparison of the biological absorption of metals by plants containing their mobile forms in the soil can be determined that the increase in the content of heavy metals in the soil in plants include mechanisms regulating the selective absorption of micronutrients, which are determined by genetic characteristics of plants. The ecolog-ical status of the natural components of the environment is a dominant factor in determining the quality of the food.

Wind regime of Kharkiv region was analyzed. A map of the distribution of average annual wind speeds was created. The average wind speed ranges from 1,61 to 3,63 m/s. The average wind speed for the region is 2,5 m/s. It was found that the wind speed decreases from north-west to south-east part of the region. In the cold season (November – March) there is an increase of wind speed, in the warm season (April – October) the wind speed decreases, low-activity processes are dominated. East wind directions prevail.

There are considered the ecological state of small cities of Kharkiv region. Analyzed the basic state laws, regulations, orders and regional programs, regulating the development of the principles of sustainable development, supporting the ecological state of small cities. Will propose the basic principles оf effective management of the development in small cities, which would add to the regional economic mechanism of management and improving the quality of the environment of the environment in small сities.