Safranov T. A.

Purpose. Characteristics of the packaging waste group and development of such waste classifica-tion systems on various grounds, as well as the definition of areas for effective management and treatment. Methods. System analysis, methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization and interpretation. Results. Studies of the municipal solid waste composition in the cities of Ukraine do not allow to fully quantify the packaging waste, but the approximate content of such waste is 10-20%. Packaging waste can be classified by composition, place of generation and treatment options. The classification of packag-ing waste on the basis of the waste hierarchy is the basis for the developed priority number of directions of such waste management. It is indicated that packaging waste is the secondary material resources of the first stage with the available processing technologies. Increasing the extraction rate of packaging waste from the total municipal solid waste flow is a necessary condition for the efficient use of their resource poten-tial and is possible only in case of waste flow differentiation at the beginning of its life cycle. Conclusions. The packaging waste group in the municipal solid waste is characterized by a signifi-cant content and variety of composition, which can be classified on various grounds, such as composition, place of generation and approach to management and treatment. In accordance with the developed priority number of waste management directions, it is necessary to create less packaging, and the existing one is effectively recycled and produced from biodegradable materials. In modern conditions, packaging waste is the most common secondary raw material, but due to the extremely low level of separate collection implementation, such waste loses its resource value and pollutes the environment. Therefore, proper organization of sepa-rate collection is the key to effective utilization of packaging waste.

Purpose. The aim of this research is detection of trends of changes (according to fact and scenario data) of extreme air temperature as a component of thermal regime in different regions of Ukraine because of global climate change. Methods. System analysis, statistical methods. Results. Time distribution of maximum air temperature regime characteristics based on results of obser-vations on the stations located in different regions of Ukraine during certain available periods: Uzhgorod (1946-2018), Kharkiv (1936-2005), Оdessа (1894-2005), аnd also according to scenarios of low (RCP2.6), medium (RCP4.5) and high (RCP8.5) levels of greenhouse gases emissions. Meanwhile, air temperature ≥ 25°С was con-sidered high (days with maximum temperature within 25,0-29,9°С are hot), ≥ 30°С was considered very high (days with such temperature are abnormaly hot). Trends of changes of extreme air temperatures were identified as a component of thermal regime in different regions of Ukraine within global climate changes. Dynamics of maximum air temperature and its characteristics in ХХ and beginning of ХХІ centuries were researched. Ex-pected time changes of maximum air temperature and number of days with high temperature during 2021-2050 were analyzed by RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. There were identified the highest day air temperatures possible once in a century and also possibility of maximum day temperature more than 30°С by RCP4.5 scenario. Well-timed prediction of climate changes will help evaluate their impact on human and natural systems which will be useful for development and taking preventive measures towards minimization of negative influence of such changes. Conclusions. Processes of climate warming in Ukraine are activating. There was determined a strong trend on increasing of average maximum of air temperature in winter with speed 0.17-0,39 degrees centigrade/10 years. According to climatic norm this index mainly increased mostly (up to 3,3 degrees centigrade) in January in North-East of the country. In future such anomalies will grow. Determination of correlation between climate and health is the base for taking protective measures against perils for population health connected with climate.

Purpose. Review of the current situation in the municipal solid waste management area in Ukraine and outline the possible direction of an effective waste management system organization at the regional level. Methods. System analysis, mass balance method, generalization and interpretation. Results. Starting of the European integration process, Ukraine has initiated a number of reforms in the legislative and regulatory sphere of waste management. In particular, the National Strategy of waste management in Ukraine by 2030 was approved; the draft Law of Ukraine “On Waste Management” and others were developed. There are plants for recovering certain types of recyclable raw materials in Ukraine. The model of effective municipal solid waste management at the regional level should be based on baseline conditions: waste composition and available recovery capacity. It is shown that almost half of the municipal solid waste mass is food and garden waste. This means that an effective solid waste management system must be based on the separation and subsequent treatment of such waste, which will allow the achievement of the National Strategy targets. Conclusions. The municipal solid waste problem of is extremely urgent for Ukraine, because in the conditions of mass increasing and composition complication the main method of treatment remains disposal. Changes in legislation and the existing infrastructure for recycling the most common and resource-intensive categories of recyclables require the introduction of effective municipal solid waste management systems. We believe that to achieve a significant result, it is necessary to pay attention to easily-decomposed organic waste. Development a system for the proper collection and further use of such waste will help to achieve significant performance indi-cators of municipal solid waste potential using.

Purpose. The hygienic aspect of drinking water safety and quality can be defined by the indices of epidemic safety, sanitary, chemical and radiation indices, as well as the optimal content of mineral substances, i.e. a mineral composition adequate to the physiological need of a human body: total hardness, total alkalinity, the content of iodine, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, fluorine and solid residual (mineralization) Assessment of drinking water mineralization as indicator of water quality. Possible impact of mineralization level to the health of population in urbanized territories of Ukraine. Methods. Assessment of drinking water mineralization level is based on water supply organizations providing the investigations in the different urbanized territories of Ukraine. Results. The estimation of drinking water mineralization from surface and underground sources for water supply of local urbanized territories of Ukraine had been done. Also the analysis of water quality indicator in this content and possible influence on human health had been presented. Conclusions. Fluctuations of mineralization and indicators of the physiological usefulness of the mineral composition compared with the range of optimum had been marked as a distinguishing. After clearing underground waters in pumped-out complexes, their mineralization is usually reduced to an optimal value, but also significantly reduces the concentration of calcium, magnesium and other essential elements. Numerous literary indications indicate a connection between the level of mineralization (composition) of drinking water and the state of health of the population. There is a correlation between the level of mineralization (balance of mineral composition) of drinking water and human health. Long-term consumption of drinking water with an imbalance of essential mineral components can be one of the negative impacts on public health

The problem of dealing with solid household waste (SHW) is the most urgent component of ensuring na-tional security for Ukraine, since the amount of accumulated waste is considered as one of the factors of a pro-gressive ecological and economic crisis. In the face of growing shortages of raw materials, the effective man-agement of solid waste becomes one of the most important areas of resource conservation. The problem of solid waste is relevant to the southern regions of Ukraine, because the volumes of waste accumulated in the region are considered as one of the factors of progressive ecological stress and reduction of recreational potential. Purpose. Justification of cluster structure in the sphere of municipal solid waste treatment for certain regions of Ukraine. Results. The cluster structure in the sphere of municipal solid waste treatment in Odessa and Kherson regions is developed. The cluster structure is represented by three levels: developers of technological and logistic chains; points and the city recycling center, waste sorting enterprises; organizations and institutions that provide business entities first and second levels. Conclusions. The clustering is way of a complex solution of the municipal solid waste treatment problem. The developed structure of the cluster in the sphere of municipal solid waste treatment for certain regions of Ukraine allows to define interrelation of the specified sphere with other branches of regional economy and to solve a problem of generation and accumulation of municipal solid waste with secondary material resources receiving.

We consider the essence of the concept of «neoecology» and neoecological component of higher environmental education in Ukraine. The new details of neoecology are considered, there are objective, subject, basic key concepts, issues of complexity and interdisciplinarity of neoecology. The article describes point of view which concerns elaboration of the structural units and structural-logic content of neoecology and also constant development of neoecology as science or academic discipline designed for the preparation of environmental specialists.