Sklyarova N. A.

On the basis of a systematic analysis of the scientific literature, it was found that the increased sensitivity of a modern human being to the negative effects of the cold natural environment is due to its passage from the shrouds of East Africa with characteristic high ambient temperatures, primarily atmospheric air. At the same time, in comparative terms, the extinct Neanderthal, with his Eurasian apprehension in the conditions of glacial periods, was on the contrary sufficiently well adapted to the cold environment. The subsequent adaptation of a modern human type at the genetic level with the formation of the main races (Caucasoid, Negroid, Mongoloid) could not sufficiently compensate for its insufficient resistance to the cold environment. According to the results of the research, the main ways of solving the problem of the negative influence of the cold natural environment on the ecological health of athletes were determined: the rationing of the order of sporting activities of athletes depending on the degree of low-temperature environment, diagnosing the athletes' hypersensitivity of the respiratory tract to cold atmospheric air, degree of tension of the processes of thermoregulation of the body. The conclusions are drawn according to which the prevention of the negative impact of extreme conditions of the cold environment (primarily cold atmospheric air) on the ecological health of athletes should be systemic, integrated. The system of preventive measures should include an early diagnosis of the development of airway hyperresponsiveness of athletes to the effects of cold atmospheric air, as well as an assessment of the degree of tension of the body's thermoregulatory system to the effect of cold. In the system of preventing the negative impact of the cold environment on the body of athletes engaged in winter sports in the open space, it is necessary to include regulation (normalization) of the temperature regime of cold atmospheric air when determining the possibility of holding sporting events. If necessary (the presence of hypersensitivity of the airways to the action of cold atmospheric air), it is advisable to use special means of protecting the respiratory tract of athletes from the negative influence of cold atmospheric air.

According to the results of the research, the main ways of ecologizing of the sports industry are identified: the unification of the sectoral interests of sports activities with the interests of maintaining a good state of the environment, wildlife and human health, including athletes, planning the ecologization of sport at all levels, in-cluding directly on sports objects , the development of the system of environmental education in the sports sec-tor, the holding of public hearings on the ecologization of sports, the rational use of natural resources in the con-struction and the operation of sports complexes and sports parks, practical implementation in practice of imple-menting the provisions and rules of environmental safety in the sports sector for the environment, human health and wildlife. A methodology for planning the ecologization of sports objects was developed, taking into account the category of their impact on the environment. The sections (stages) of planning the ecologization of sports objects are defined: the definition of goals and objectives of ecologization, the selection and identification of an environmentally sound strategy and tactics for the implementation of ecologization, the development and plan-ning of a budget for carrying out measures for ecologization involving relevant specialists, primarily environ-mental specialties, hearings on measures for greening, carrying out of ecologization and an estimation of the received results. The provisions of public discussion (consultations) of environmental measures for the ecologi-zation of sports objects have been developed, the use of computerized information technologies for the collection and analysis of environmental information has been recommended, recommendations have been made on training specialists in environmental specializations for the ecologization of the sports industry on the basis of a master's program specialty 017 Physical Culture and Sport, specialization "Ecology of Sports".