биоиндикатор

Purpose. Determination of informative value of types of bioindicators from a number hunting animals for the estimation of the ecological state of agricultural landscapes and level of transformation in them of biological variety. Methods. The field (noise tuning-up, rout); ecological-analytical, statistical, methods of matrix algebra. Results. It is set that in the conditions of Northern Azov region of Ukraine by key anthropogenic factors that determine the quantity of population : for a partridge grey is a structure of agricultural landscapes; for the European hare-hare - structure of sowing areas, quantity of predators and state of sunny activity. Considerable cross-correlation connection is first set between the quantity of populations of indicatory kinds and pesticide loading on territory as on regional, so on local levels. In the dynamics of populations of indicatory kinds found out the short and long waves of quantity. In the conditions of the pesticide pressure the most vulnerable is regu-lative influence of zoophages on consumers of more subzero orders. Therefore at megascopic pesticide loading regulative influence of predators will diminish on the row of representatives of phytophages, that explains the phenomenon of increase of quantity of some phytophages at general toxic impact from pesticides. Conclusions. A high closeness of population and thick infrastructural network are the substantial fac-tors of transformation of biovariety within the limits of region. The general of biological variety in a region as very tense. The ecological ground of potential kinds-indicators allows on the basis of investigational conformi-ties to law the dynamics of their populations of different level of spatial organization to offer the method of bioindication of ecological violations in agricultural landscapes. Thus the informing index of anthropogenic pressure is a current quantity of population of indicatory type of the field fowl.

Such natural sciences as biology, biogeochemistry, ecology and geobotany study and use bioindication. It is a modern new and helpful scientific direction. The methodology of fluctuating asymmetry worked out in the framework of phytoindication is a convenient, cheap and the closest to natural objects tool for studying of macroscopic changes in the development of bioobjects owing to the negative natural and anthropogenic stress effects. Purpose. Evaluation of the quality of the environment on the violation of the bilateral symmetry of the maple leaf and the appearance of a fluctuating asymmetry of the sides of the leaf’s sheet relative to the central vein under the influence of the anthropogenic load. Analysis of well-known evaluation systems for assessing the quality of the environment. Methods. Phytoindication as one of the bioindication methods with using plants (maple leaves). The fluctuating asymmetry method: measuring 4 parameters on the left and right sides of a leaf and defining of the form of a leaf top. Mathematical processing of the results of all measurements (1376 measures) based on the Microsoft Excel program. Results. A statistical evaluation of the leaf measures was made for 7 indices of the central tendency and variability. The fluctuation asymmetry index for the biomaterial of all the investigated sites of six districts in Odessa in the summer period of 2016 was calculated and tested for normal distribution. The quality of the environment is determined using two point systems in the different areas of the resort city and the suburb. Conclusions. Statistical processing of all platelet measurements showed the suitability of using the measured features and the maple leaf itself for the purpose of phytoindication. A greater validity of the G.M. Melkumov’s point system was shown when determining the quality of the environment by the integral fluctuation asymmetry index of the maple leaf. In fact, the industrial zones of the city, its park and central parts have a high degree of pollution, although not reaching a critical level.