біотестування

Consider the feasibility of improving methods of establishing a class of environmental hazard waste, based on the calculation method used, taking into account the content of some chemical compounds - components of waste and hygiene, physical, chemical and toxicological characteristics. The method of risk assessment of wastes to the environment, taking into account environmental criteria by experimental determination of the total toxicity of all those present in the waste chemicals to organism srepresentatives of biota, soil, groundwater and surface water. By amending the present experimental technique for technique, based on the results of biological testing of water extracts from wastes will take into account the real danger of waste for biotic component of terrestrial and aquatic eco-systems.

The high rate of urbanization in the second half of the last century led to not only to the growth of urban population, but also as a result to increasing of amount of production wastes. During solving problems with mu-nicipal wastewater treatment inevitably the problem of disposal of sewage sludges is arised. Purpose is to pro-vide agroecological substantiation of possibility of application of sewage sludge of Kharkov in the agricultural sector. Methods. Analytical, laboratory modeling and statistics. Results. Agrochemical and ecological assess-ment of sewage sludge of WWTP "Bezlutskiy" at Kharkov are given, compliance with the requirements of nor-mative documents and substantiation of possibility of application of sewage sludge in the agricultural sector are established. Conclusions. It is found that sewage sludge contain sufficiently high amount of organic matter (more than 52 %) and major nutrients (total nitrogen and phosphorus) as well as acceptable concentrations of micronutrients and heavy metals according to the requirements of normative documents. Prospects of sewage sludge application as fertilizer is established.

The article presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of the ecological state of water objects Basin Donets using indicators that characterize the level of anthropogenic pollution of abiotic and biotic components of aquatic ecosystems. It is shown that water quality in the 25 cross-sections of rivers Seversky Donets, Uda, Lopan, Kharkiv, Oskol, Nemyshlya, Suhoy Torets and Pechenga and Krasnooskolskogo reservoirs in 2011 - 2012 did not meet the standards of fishery MPC (the state of the abiotic component), and in 52% of cases (2011) and 64% (2012) did not meet the quality standards for ecotoxicological indicator (status of biotic components of aquatic ecosystems). The poor ecological state of water objects Basin Donets is the result of discharge to surface water bodies basin wastewater contaminated with environmentally hazardous chemicals.

The results of experimental researches are presented to metrology descriptions establishment of biotesting methodology for determine the chronic toxicity water with the usage of Ceriodaphnia affinis Lilljeborg crusta-ceans. It has been used the potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) as an etalon substance.

The article presents the dependence between results of composition waste and surface water according to physical, chemical and toxicological characteristics. It was found the lack of statistically significant linear de-pendence between the results of bioassay and measurement of physical and chemical composition of the wastewater chemical and petrochemical plants and water bodies of water, which were taken above and below wastewater discharges. For mine water from the drive it was installed a weak correlation between bioassay results and their physi-cal and chemical composition, but the corresponding regression equation proved statistically insignificant, for water of water bodies, which are discharged mine water, it was set the average measurement between the above indicators.

Influencing of biocorrection of determination results obtained via multifunction monitoring of natural envi-ronments was analyzed. For the increase of authenticity of monitoring results, it is necessary to combine the methods of bioindication and biotesting with physical and chemical methods, and mathematical design as well. While determining the supersmall contamination amounts it is expedient, additionally, to utilize the factor analysis of different modifications.

For research of intercommunication between the levels of toxicness and muddiness of water were drawn on the results of measuring of component composition and determination of toxicness of sewages of enterprises of the different industries of economy, located on territory of a few areas of Ukraine. It is shown that in each of cases the set of meaningful physical and chemical indexes which correlate with data of biotesting is different and depends on component composition of sewages. The brought results over are base on the use of far of experimental data and have an important practical value for the exposure of reasons of origin of toxic properties of sewages with the purpose of realization of corresponding nature protection measures on their removal.