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The questions about the role of the aquatic ecosystems biological component in the formation of sediment were reviewed. The role of aquatic organisms (phytoplankton, higher aquatic plants, invertebrates, and other groups of organisms) in self-purification of aquatic ecosystems and the formation of sediments were analyzed.

The conditions for the formation of sediments, depending on the nature of singularities. Identified sources of heavy metals into the «water environment - bottom sediments of the», greatest impact erosion of the catchment area of the rivers. It is confirmed that the sediments are the main hubs of mass of pollutants, including nutrients and heavy metals, due to entering the water bodies of significant volumes of solids due to soil erosion from the catchment basin.