гідрохімічні показники

Purpose. To assess the current state of the Southern Bug River basin and the degree of anthropogen-ic impact on it (transformation) Methods. The methodology of complex field geographic research (according to S. Kurlov) was cho-sen for the research. On its basis, water samples were taken at the appropriate points of the river basin, which directly covered the Southern Bug River itself, as well as its tributaries, and the composition of coastal soils was analyzed. Laboratory experiments were performed on the basis of a licensed laboratory of the Uman National University of Horticulture Results. Based on the analysis of the data set of the main hydrochemical indicators of the surface water quality of the Southern Bug river basin and the analysis of the soil, it was found at some experi-mental points that the MPC of content of the studied indicators was exceeded. The content is exceeded at all sampling points, due to the high content of complexes with humic acid salts, secondary waterlogging of reclaimed lands. The nitrite content is exceeded in the following places: r. Southern Bug (Vinnitsa and Ladyzhin), r. Ustya (Nemyriv), r. Udych (Teplitskiy district) and r. Dohna (Bershad district). The main reason for the intake of nitrates into the water is the washout of fertilizers from fields and vegetable gardens. All surface water bodies have increased water hardness, its acidity is within normal limits. The soils adjacent to the streams under consideration bear clear signs of hydrogenic accumulation of substances (carbonates, gypsum, salts) and deltaic conditions of formation (horizontal stratification, horizons buried, remnants of freshwater fauna). Conclusions. The concentration of pollutants increases with the approach of the tributaries of the Southern Bug River and the relief formed by them to their base of erosion. Excess concentrations of alka-line hydrolyzed nitrogen, as well as phosphorus and potassium compounds at the sampling points indicate a high level of intensity of the farming system, in which the use of agrochemicals is given priority. Howev-er, long-term ingress of these compounds into the water body will accelerate the process of eutrophication in the near future. The loss of humus in the soils of agricultural lands adjacent to the rivers Sob, Dokhna, Ustya was revealed. In general, the geosystem of the Southern Bug River suffers from a complex anthropo-genic impact, the main source of which is agricultural production.

Purpose. To reveal the peculiarities of geo-ecological status of the lake-basin system (LBS) of Ozerians-ke lake for the needs of a balanced nature management. Methods.The research is based on methods of field instrumental landscape-geochemical searches using modern geoinformation technologies and laboratory-analytical diagnostics of soil, water and lake sediments. Results. The current state of economic development of the catchment of Ozerianske lake has been clari-fied. The results of the research of the hydrochemical composition of lake water have been presented. The results of the experiments with the determination of the content and features of radial, lateral migration of mobile forms of biogenic elements (N, P2O5, K2O) and heavy metals (Co, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn) on a landscape soil geochemical microcatena within the catchment area of a lake have been analyzed. A slight excess of MPC in the content of Mn and Cd in the soils of the microcatena has been fixed. The feature of lateral migration of biogenic elements is the increase of their concentration from the eluvial to the superequal facies of the geochemical microcatena, and the radial feature is the decrease of their content with the depth of the soil profile. Moving forms of heavy metals (Co, Pb, Cd, Cu, Mn) are characterized by radial migration - increasing their content with the depth of the soil profile in the horizon (20-40 cm), and further towards the parent rock, their concentration mainly decreases. Conclusions. It was established that the catchment area of Ozerianske lake refers to the anthropogenic-natural (IV) type and has unsatisfying geo-ecological status. In order to improve the geo-ecological status of the catchment area, it is advisable to gradually increase the area of ecostabilizing lands (meadows, forests, forage areas); to control the application of mineral fertilizers and pesticide use, and to prohibit the plowing of land by a 50-100-meter coastal protective strip around the lake.

Purpose. Environmental assessment of the quality of surface water of small and medium rivers of the Poltava region, in particular: medium rivers – Psel, Vorskla, Merla and five small rivers –Govtva, Grun, Kolomak, Poluzorie, Tashan. Methods. Field, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, cluster analysis. Results. In accordance with the quality standard for surface water of cultural and household purposes, all indicators for medium-sized rivers are within the normal range. There was an excess of zinc in the waters of small rivers - Grun, Tashyas and Poluzorie. The low content of soluble oxygen does not meet the norm. When comparing values with the norm of quality of water for reservoirs of fishery management, excess BOD-5 for the Vorskla and Psel rivers is defined; the content of ammonia and nitrites significantly exceeded the normative value for the river Vorskla, Psel, Merla. The excess of surfactants for medium rivers is determined. The river Vorskla is mostly polluted with cupper; the Psel river – with zinc and iron, in water from the Gotvva, Tashan, Poluzorie and Grun rivers we have identified exceeding BOD-5. Regarding the water-soluble nitrogen compounds, only the nitrogen content corresponds to the normative value. The greatest pollution with ammonia is observed for the Govtva and Kolomak rivers. Excess of MAC on the content of nitrites was identified for the Kolomak river. As a result of the cluster analysis of the river, the degree and nature of pollution of surface water are grouped into three main groups: the first is the Kolomak river, the second one is the Merla, Psel, Grun, Vorskla rivers, the third one is the Tashan, Poluzorie and Govtva rivers. In the future, the results can serve as a tool for regulation, monitoring and solution of pollution problems. Conclusions. Small rivers of Poltava region are under considerable anthro-pogenic impact, their ecological status is estimated as ecological regression. Therefore, priority attention should be paid to improving the ecological status of small rivers in the Poltava region and implementation of the pro-posed nature conservation measures.

Studies are devoted to the ecological assessment of the pond aquatic ecosystem components, Bobrivka village, Kharkiv district, Kharkiv oblast. Purpose. In order to achieve the goal, it was tasked to determine the seasonal redistribution of hydrochemical indicators, especially the distribution of heavy metals in the system "water-bottom sediments- hydrobionts". Methods. The toxicological analysis of the accumulation of heavy metals in fishery products made it possible to assess the suitability of the pond for fish breeding. It is shown that the hydrochemical parameters fully meet swater quality standards for cultural-household and recreational purposes. Results. Toxicological assessment of water suitability for fish breeding revealed a complex situation in several indicators. The content of free ammonia at all stages of sampling significantly exceeded the MAC values for fish breeding. In autumn, this figure was the highest and was 9.6 MAC. Excess the MAC values for fish breeding is fixed for nitric nitrogen. It is 1.1-4.2 MAC.The toxicological assessment for the water for fishing has shown difficult situation with respect to copper and zinc. For copper and zinc, the maximum excessive MAC was observed in December, its value was respectively 73 MAC and 19 MAC.The total iron concentration, the value of hydrogen indicator and easily soluble organic compounds are within the MAC values.Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd contents in muscle tissues of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Cyprinus carpio does not exceed the MAC values. Conclusions. A choice of measures is proposed to protect the pond from pollution, which must be performed for the suitability of the water pond for fish breeding.

Purpose. The analysis of the surface water quality of the Stokhid river, the definition of the class and the category of water quality. Methods. Comparative geographic, analytical, generalization and systematization. Results. Inner annual dynamics of the components of the hydro chemical conditions of surface water composi-tion is closely linked with river runoff, the formation of which occurs due to loss of precipitation and nutrition of groundwater. Based on the analysis of monitoring observations, carried out by the State Environmental Inspec-torate in the Volyn region for the period from 2007 to 2017, it has been determined the multi-year time and spa-tial dynamics of the average annual values of integrated environmental indices by the average values. They are following: in the village Malinovka IE aver. = 2,2 and in Lyubeshiv village IE aver. = 2,4. The water of river Stokhid belongs to the second class of quality ("good", "pure"), to the second category ("very good", "very pure") and subcategories 2 (3) ("very good", " clean" water with a tendency to approach the category of "good", "fairly clean") respectively. Dynamics of average annual values of integral ecological indexes for the worst values in village Malinovka IE worst = 2,6 and in the village Lyubeshiv IEworst = 2,8 was characterized by water of the second class ("good", "pure"), third category ("good", "fairly clean"), subcategory 2-3 (water transitions in quality from "very good", "pure" to "good", "fairly clean") and subcategory 3 (2) ("good", "fairly clean" water with a bias to "very good", "clean"). Conclusions. In general, it should be noticed, that when calculating the values of integral ecological indexes, the value of the indexes of trophic and sapro-biological indicators are the worst. Compounds of Nitrogen was among the substances that determined the water quality as "very poor" and "very dirty". Increased levels of Nitrogen compounds in the Stokhid river is mainly due to the intake of insufficiently treated wastewater, surface runoff from agricultural land and the decomposition of non-living organic matter in the spring.

The deterioration of the ecological status of small river basins, and in this regard, and the quality of water in the rivers of the Pripyat basin is due to large-scale hydrotechnical reclamation, deforestation and increase of areas of cultivated land, recreation, soil erosion, radionuclide contamination of the territories as a result of the Chornobyl catastrophe, industrial development , Pollution by municipal wastewater and more.Purpose.. Study of the ecological state of the Tsyr river, analysis of hydro-chemical, tropho-saprobiological descriptions and content of specific substances of toxic action, determination of class and category of water quality. Methods. Field researches, Analytical methods. Results. The modern approaches for the groups of factors of river pools anthropogenic transformation are considered. The tests of the Tsyr river water are selected and analysed of three blocks of substances: salt composition, tropho-saprobiological block and block of specific substances of toxic action. A class and category of water quality are certained for every block. It is set that on the indexes of hydro-chemical block quality of water in the Tsyr river belongs to the I class and to the I category – excellent water. In the second block of substances the best value has a pH-value in obedience to that water of the river belong to the I class and to I category – excellent water. The worst value has an index of content of phosphates, where the water quality of the river belongs to V of class – very bad and VII category – very dirty. In the third block there are the best indexes quality of water, which belongs to the I class and the 1 category and it is estimated as excellent. The worst indexes belongs to the IV of class – bad and VI category – dirty. Conclusions. The nutrients content and the potassium content determines the state of the small river Cir as very bad, dirty. It is recommended to monitor the dynamics of water quality changes in the river Tsir.

Based on decades of research hydrochemical indicators PECHENEZSKE reservoir found that oxygen conditions in general satisfactory, halogen concentrations of pesticides and triazine herbicides in the water below the maximum allowable concentrations. Today, the limit values of Pechenezske water-reservoir observed for copper and chromium. Pechenezske reservoir unfavorable to ligulidoz invasion since 1991. On parasitological parame-ters revealed the highest concentration of sick fish in the Gulf of Kulakowski and Artem and pridambovom site. Dangerous to human agents, namely chemicals, radioactive isotopes over MDS were found. Identified possible sources that significantly affect the balance of the ecosystem Pechenigy reservoir, including water, and recom-mended ways to deal with issues, improve the ecosystem of the reservoir.