донные отложения

Investigated and reviewed data regarding the relationship between heavy metal content in the gross and soluble form in water of the Danube. Calculated the average ratios identify the contribution of dissolved forms of metals such as iron, manganese, zinc, copper and nickel in their gross content in water of the Ukrainian part of river Danube. Impact of migration of heavy metals on their content in the bottom sediments

The questions about the role of the aquatic ecosystems biological component in the formation of sediment were reviewed. The role of aquatic organisms (phytoplankton, higher aquatic plants, invertebrates, and other groups of organisms) in self-purification of aquatic ecosystems and the formation of sediments were analyzed.

The spatial distribution of heavy metals in abiotic components of aquatic ekosystems rivers depends pri-marily on landscape (natural) features of the area which is formed by runoff. Determining for the rivers and their areas under human influence becomes surface runoff from urban areas, wastewater and recycled water intake with feeding groundwater.The basic factors that influence the formation of the quality of the sediments in the river Seversky Donets and the accumulation of heavy metals were reviewed. Determined that a higher content of metals in the sediments have an average with a high content of silt and clay, which can be explained both by the chemical composition of the clay soil, and the ability to absorb himself in the metal from the aqueous phase.

The conditions for the formation of sediments, depending on the nature of singularities. Identified sources of heavy metals into the «water environment - bottom sediments of the», greatest impact erosion of the catchment area of the rivers. It is confirmed that the sediments are the main hubs of mass of pollutants, including nutrients and heavy metals, due to entering the water bodies of significant volumes of solids due to soil erosion from the catchment basin.