екологічна безпека

Functioning of Yuzhnoukrainskoy AES substantially influences on changes activity of Н-3 in waters of Tashlykskogo and Aleksandrovskogo of storage pools, although practically does not change in them the dynamics of maintenance of Cs-137, Co-60, Mg-54. In these reservoirs changeability of activity of Sr-90 the more than anymore middle volumes of their «blowing» out, that testifies to influence of changes of the mode of fall of atmospheric fallouts in a region, which strengthen the superficial flow of surrounding territory to Tashlykskomu to the storage pool.

Development of new scientific direction – trofogeografii requires preparation of the proper specialists with higher education for the decision of problems of ecological quality of products feeds of phytogenous, which a population uses daily. Such specialists can be prepared on the base of expansion of vector of preparation of environmentalists, geographers and specialists in area of guard of environment. Preparation of highly skilled specialists in area of trofogeografii can substantially influence on the vozhnye aspects of vital functions of man, namely safety of the use of vegetable food stuffs.

The development of measures to reduce waste and regulate waste management is an important issue in the field of environmental safety and environmental protection. Purpose. Analysis of legal regulation of waste management, identification of the main problems and the formation of modern solutions to problems related to waste, based on international experience, current case law of the European Court of Human Rights. Methods. Theoretical and general scientific (analysis, synthesis, systematization), empirical method (method of comparison). Results. Based on the results of the study of legal regulation of waste management in Ukraine, the main problems are identified and solutions are proposed based on the analysis of the decision of the European Court of Human Rights and by studying the experience of European countries. It was found that Ukraine has chosen the path of standardization of waste issues on the basis of established norms of the European Union, in particular the Waste Directive and a number of other regulations in this area. Conclusions. In order to regulate the field of waste management in Ukraine, it is necessary to ensure the gradual and effective implementation of measures enshrined in the National Waste Management Strategy of Ukraine until 2030, to systematize a number of legal acts of Ukraine on waste management and begin their implementation in practice.

The analysis of possibility of the use of ash is conducted in building of road. The chemical analysis of row of ash is executed by atomic-adsorption spectroscopy method. Entering ecological danger of heavy metals to the environment in time destruction of road is set

The paper presents results of empirical research regarding trofogeography concentrations of heavy metals in soil and plant production of natural areas and regions of Ukraine. Value of the index calculated by the geographical back-ground of trace elements to vegetables vary in natural areas.

The article is devoted to identification of peculiarities of heavy metals translocation as dominant anthropo-genic pollutants from raw fruit (apples) to treated products - fruit juices and compotes. The area of study covered urban geosystems within the following regions: Poltava, Kharkiv and Donetsk Oblasts. The following apple sorts were studied: Jonathan, White Transparent, Melba, Saffron summer and Starking.. On the basis of the research it was found that the content of Zn and Cu in apples and their products is within the MAC. It was identified that Cd concentration in apples is in 2-12,6 times higher than MAC; data for juices: fresh juice – Cd concentration is 2,3-7 MAC and in apple juice after thermal treatment - 1,3 5.3 MAC, in compote – 2 MAC. According to the total pollution index (У Cdg), raw fruit is the most contaminated with heavy metals (У Cdg = 2,3-13,4), followed by fresh juice (У Cdg = 2,5-7,5), juice after thermal treatment (У Cdg = 1,5-5,7) and compote (У Cdg = 2.0-2.2). Approximately 53% of the total metal content was found in apple peel, while the remaining 47% - in the flesh of apples. After the thermal treatment, almost all metal concentrations decreases: Cd content is reduced by an average of 50% (Ctr = 0.51; Ctr – transition coefficient) and other metals - by 25-35% (Ctr = 0,65-0,75). Heavy metal translocation from apple into compote is considerably lower. Thus, the content of Cd and Zn decreased on average by 70%, and Fe, Mn and Cu - 51-62%. Thermal treatment has a positive effect on reducing the concentrations of heavy metals in juice comparing to the original raw fruit.

Based on the findings it can be argued that if the possibility of man-made pollution of atmosphere-reflex to avoid cultivation of home gardens leafy vegetables such kapus-you. Among nadhruntovyh vegetables differen-tiation observed metal-accumulative properties of plants according to their physiological characteristics. Based on comparison of the biological absorption of metals by plants containing their mobile forms in the soil can be determined that the increase in the content of heavy metals in the soil in plants include mechanisms regulating the selective absorption of micronutrients, which are determined by genetic characteristics of plants. The ecolog-ical status of the natural components of the environment is a dominant factor in determining the quality of the food.

The article discusses one of the issues related to the possible use of the territories that belonged to the time of independence the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine. In Kharkiv region there are a significant number of military facilities and landfills, which are in poor condition and are not just specific environmental hazard, but even criminal. Identified methodological approaches and offered examples of calculations for optimization possibilities the former military facilities located in the area Chuguyiv Kharkiv region.

The article presents the scientific rationale, general requirements and principles set standards of ecological safety for water of water objects of fishery; it has been formulated requirements for water quality of surface water objects to ensure normal functioning of aquatic geoecosystem. It has been also developed and worked instructional techniques and procedures for establishing standards of ecological safety of water management - fishery the maximum concentration limit substances. Generalized results establish ecological and fisheries fishery standard - the maximum concentration limit (MCL) morpholine. In terms of the value of the MCL (0.125 mg / l), stability in the aquatic environment (reduc-tion of 95% concentration is 32 days), the index of material accumulation in organs and tissues of fish (0,85-2,4), the degree of factor of defeat aquatic geoecosystem ( 1.1) morpholine belongs to 3 hazard class.

The biogeological history of the Earth as a process of continuous transformation and adaptation from the primary forms of life and till its current state had been considered in the present article. The development of life on the Earth had started due to the changes of geological processes, changes of the chemical composition of the atmosphere and the aquatic environment, within the period of global catastrophe. As a result of more than 3.8 billion years the anthropogenic system «human – geological and related environ-ment» was formed; it transformed the biosphere in accordance with the needs of human, creating the precedent of inconsistency between human needs and biosphere resources. The basic scenarios of human and biosphere development within the technogene were defined. The results of studies helped to identify the biogeological conditions of the Earth life. The article investigates scenarios of technogene development as well as the role of human under the conditions of intensive biosphere transformation due to the anthropogenic activities. .