ефективність

Conservation agriculture is becoming a priority for Ukraine as well as for many countries of the world. It is a known fact that high content of heavy metals in the soil impairs fertility and carries the risk of crops translo-cation. An agroecological effect of obtaining and applying organic-mineral fertilizers has been insufficiently studied so far. The purpose of the work is to determine possibilities to produce new organic-mineral fertilizers based on sewage sludge with enhanced adsorbing properties, to establish their agroecological efficiency. Methods. Field, laboratory-analytical, statistical-mathematical. Results. From the agroecological point of view, the production process of organic-mineral fertilizers based on the sewage sludge of Kharkiv is justified. It allows us to expand functional capabilities of reagents, enhancing adsorbing properties of heavy metals. It is proved the advantage of organic-mineral fertilizers over the traditional ones on chernozem typical. After fertilization, the content of total carbon in the soil increased, the content of humic acids increased by 1,5 – 2,8 times, fulvic acids – by 1,1 – 1,7 times, the total sum of humic substances – by 1,3 – 2,1 times compared with no fertilizer option. It is established that application of organic-mineral fertilizers promotes blocking of heavy metals in soil and prevents translocation to plant. Maximum yields of corn were obtained after the local application of granular organic-mineral fertilizers – the yield increase was 41% compared to the control, after introduction of bulk fertilizers – 32% compared to the control. Profit was $ 23 -36 per hectare. Conclusions. The process of organic-mineral fertilizers production on the basis of sewage sludge in Kharkiv is substantiated from the agro-ecological point of view. Agroecological and agrochemical efficacy of sewage sludge use as compared to organic and mineral fertilizers applied in equivalent doses separately was established on the typical heavy loam chernozem. After introduction of organic-mineral fertilizers based on sewage sludge a significant increase in the concentration of trace elements and heavy metals was found in the black soil but these indicators did not exceed the established maximum permissible concentrations. The implementation of the proposed technology will reduce bioavailability of heavy metals and their mobility in the soil which, in turn, impedes their accumulation in products. It is expected to increase soil fertility, crop yields and obtain environmentally friendly and safe products due to the stable composition of innovative fertilizers.

Shown that the multiple regression model interannual changes of average monthlyspeed of wind in Kirovograd in february and august, with maximal robustness to temporary shifts in the future, allow for efficient prediction of the process of preemption, at least 8 years. Decrease of the average wind speeds in the mentioned months, that happened here in the previous thirty years, from 2011 to 2017., stops that would make it more favorable prospects in regigone wind

Purpose. Increase in the efficiency of control of diesel particulate matter in the study of the operation of diesel particulate filters by taking into account their particulate composition. Methods. Analysis and synthesis of information in the study of the structure and properties of diesel particulate matter, mathematical modeling in assessing the effectiveness of control and neutralization of particles with soot filters, statistical processing of experimental data, a computational experiment in conducting a comprehensive assessment of the efficiency of the diesel particulate filter. Results. The structure, toxicological properties, dispersed composition and quantita-tive characteristics of diesel particulate matter are analyzed. The principle of the action of the particulate filter is described. The functions of the distribution densities of countable, surface and mass concentrations of solid particles of various fractions: nuclei, accumulation, large particles are considered. A method for the complex evaluation of the efficiency of a diesel particulate filter on the basis of indices of countable, surface and mass concentrations of particles has been developed. A complex analysis of the efficiency of the diesel particulate filter was carried out. Conclusions. The necessity of taking into account the dispersed composition of diesel solid particles in the analysis of their properties, rationing and the evaluation of the efficiency of the diesel particulate filter is substantiated. It was found that with a high efficiency of reducing the total mass of solid particles in the particulate filter - 93.8%, the amount, surface area and mass of fine particles with dimensions of 20-40 nm significantly increase - 4.2, 1.9 and 2.55 times, respectively. The increase in the relative fraction of fine particles after passing through the particulate filter is 72%.