загрязнение

The work is devoted to application of the benthic foraminifera for an evaluation of an geoecological situa-tion on a northwest shelf of the Black Sea. The awake role of organisms with carbonaceous function is marked during biological absorption of toxic bonds. The attributes of stressful situations on population and organismic level include a degree of a surviving of species and morphological changes of the foraminifera. These parameters applied for abjection of geographic ranges of a toxic stimulation, development and anomalous morphology of organisms. Purpose. The aim of this work is to analyze the effect of significant cadmium content on benthic foraminifers of the Black Sea shelf (Danube Delta region). Methods. Field studies provided for the selection, documentation and preparation of analytical samples. Micro-paleontological and lithologic-geochemical studies of bottom sediments were carried out in accordance with accepted methods. The method for studying foraminifera includes the following operations: sampling, separation, preservation and preparation for analysis, taxonomic identification, morphological analysis, biomineralogical studies and mathematical processing of results. Results. The conducted observations confirm the possibility of differentiated assessment of heavy metal contamination by the example of cadmium in the shelf Black Sea. Areas of pollution are characterized by a decrease in the species diversity of foraminifera compared to uncontaminated areas. In sediments with a high content of cadmium, foraminifera are characterized by depressed forms with numerous deformities. Conclusions. A significant concentration of cadmium strongly affects the occurrence of foraminifera and the appearance of morphological anomalies in their shells.

Anthropogenic violations of soil cover lead to serious problems and the degradation of the entire natural complex, which in the end poses a threat to human health and life. Purpose. To analyze the area around company ‘Budazot’ (Zhitomirska region, Ukraine) by soil contamination with heavy metals . Methods. The author used QGIS spatial analysis tools and methods of multidimensional statistical analysis (klaster analysis). Results. The soil samples were analyzed in four directions of winds at a distance of 1 km, 2.5 km, 5 km, 10 km at a depth of 20 cm. The main pollutants are: Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd and Hg. For the interpolation of the concentration fields of these substances, a QGIS interpolation module was used. To obtain an integral picture representing the distribution of soil contamination around the enterprise, it is necessary to form a vector value X that will allow zoning the territory with the use of the cluster analysis algorithm. The area which surrounds company “Budazot” (Zhitomirskiy region, Ukraine) has been assessed. The analysis of soil pollution with heavy metals has been performed for area in question. The initial data concerning soil pollution has been arranged and spatial database designed. There has been developed geographical informational system which was used for zoning area surrounding company “Budazot” with heavy metal pollution. The received bank of spatial data, on the basis of soil sampling analysis, can be updated and used by the company management to further control the pollution of the environment by heavy metals. Conclusion. Soil contamination is spread due to air transfer, since according to the wind rope in this area there is mainly a south-easterly direction of the wind, which requires the construction of additional structures in the places of overloading of the cliffsThe areas with higher level of soil contamination with heavy metals have been revealed.

Purpose. Spatial analysis of ground water pollution for Kotovskiy district of Odessa region in 2015. Methods. Photometric, gauge, geographic information systems. Results. There are digital maps which show distribution of ground water pollution for Kotovsiy district. There are determined: maximum permissible concentration by oxidation in groundwater and artesian waters in nitrates were observed. The concentration of nitrates in groundwater varies between 2 – 4.9 MPC on over meadow territory and 25% of the territory – 7 MPC. Conclusions. The highest nitrate pollution of groundwater is typical for the eastern part of the Kotovsky district. It is proposed to reduce the amount of nitrate fertilizers, taking into account the vulnerability of groundwater to nitrate nitrogen based on the zoning of the level of contamination of the Kotovsky district of Odessa region.

Purpose. The research paper deals with the study of ecological conditions of the regions of the Capital makroregion of Ukraine through the dynamics of atmospheric air pollution.Methods. Analysis and synthesis of information Results. It is noted that the environmental factor influence economic activity within the regions and is reflected in the sectoral and territorial structure of the economy, its specialization, the way of using natural resources. The level of atmospheric air pollution in the Capital Makroregion of Ukraine was compared based on systematization of statistical data. Sectional data analysis shows that carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide prevail in the emissions of atmospheric air pollutants by motor vehicles. Conclusions. The recommendations regarding the implementation of an efficient environmental strategy which should be aimed at ensuring the interaction between economic development and environmental protection are provided.

Purpose. Space-time assessment of potential atmospheric meteorological Poltava region. Methods. according to V. Baranovsky, cartography. Results. Based on the analysis of spatial and temporal differences meteorological parameters in 2014 calculated meteorological potential for all regions of the Poltava region in terms of months. Determined that the lowest self-cleaning capacity of the atmosphere observed during the summer season in the southern region. This process determines the prevailing accumulation of harmful substances in the air. The highest self-cleaning ability of the atmosphere and the resulting domination processes of dispersion of pollution, mainly observed in winter in the northern and central regions. Cartographic work contained in Article lets you make spatial distribution of meteorological evaluation capacity throughout the year and adjust accordingly, emissions of air pollutants. Conclusions. Appropriate to recommend the construction of industrial plants and factories in the north, where their activities will cause less damage to the environment. Do not place the company in Velykobahachanskoho, Mirgorodskomu and Zinkivskomu areas as natural environment of these areas are the most favorable for recreation and health and medical institutions.

The contribution of separate divisions of a national economy of Vinnitsa region to pollution of a surface water, because forming of quality of natural waters can be estimated on volume upcasts wastewater in water objects. It was systematized and processed information on the main indicators of a fence, use and up cast of waters (including the pollutants in the wastewater), on industries of industry, separately on basins of the rivers (Southern Bug, Dniester, Dnepr, – within the limits of area) and as a whole in the region.

The level of air pollution in Odessa based on observations by stationary and route positions. The evaluation and analysis of air pollution Odessa-based index maximum allowable contamination found the increase in air pollutants from 2009 to 2011 most clearly defined for ozone, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide.

We have examined the problem of the negative impact of air pollution on public health in the Poltava region. We’ve analyzed dynamics of medical statistics of the respiratory diseases, identified the most problematic cities of this region for indicators of this diseases. Raised the question of the affordability, availability and quality of information regarding air pollution to the general public and health care professionals in terms of prevention of respiratory diseases.

Azov chernozems have a low background content of mobile forms of zinc, sufficient level of copper and high content of lead compounds. This regional specificity of the microelement composition of the soils is caused by carbonates, natural richness of seaside geochemical landscapes and the influence of the large emission sources of microelements (metallurgical enterprises in Mariupol, Novocherkasskaya power station, etc.). High buffered capacity of the Azov soils reduces the negative effects of pollution.

There are considered the ecological state of small cities of Kharkiv region. Analyzed the basic state laws, regulations, orders and regional programs, regulating the development of the principles of sustainable development, supporting the ecological state of small cities. Will propose the basic principles оf effective management of the development in small cities, which would add to the regional economic mechanism of management and improving the quality of the environment of the environment in small сities.