качество воды

According to the Water Framework Directive of the European Parliament and the Council of the EU, works aimed at the protection, restoration and rational use of water resources in Ukraine are of particular relevance. Purpose. To determine and establish patterns, in temporal and spatial changes, of water quality in the Udy river basin. Methods. Statistical, system analysis Results. At all observation posts, the highest concentration ratio to MPC in such compounds as: nitrites, oil products, copper, iron, total., manganese, chromium 6, BOD5, sulfates, zinc 2+. The quality of the rivers on the border with the Russian Federation according to WPI corresponds to the “clean” class II. In the middle reaches of the rivers Udy, Lopan, Kharkov and the mouth of the Nemyshlya river, water quality deteriorates to class III “moderate pollution”. Water quality, in the estuary area of the river Lopan, class IV "contaminated". Poor water quality in the river basin. Udy near the Khoroshevo village and the village of Eskhar, where the WPI corresponds to the V class “polluted” water. According to the WPI mod water quality at most posts is equal to class III “moderate pollution”. Water quality, in the estuary area of the Lopan river and the Nemyshlya river of the WPI mod corresponds to class IV "very polluted". A high value of the WPI mode is observed at Udy at Khoroshevo village and with Eskhar - V class "polluted" water. According to the pollution coefficient χ using priorities, the water quality at most posts of the Udy river network corresponds to the “small” class II. On the Udy River near the village of M. Danilovka class III "moderate" pollution. The wellhead section of the Lopan and Udy rivers is characterized as “very polluted”. Poor water quality is observed at the post of Udy River - the Khoroshevo village with "intensive" pollution. Without priorities, the calculation of the χ coefficient showed significantly worse water quality indicators. At most posts, pollution is “moderate”. Well section of the Ne-myshlya river ` is characterized as “substantial” pollution. Qualitative condition of water of the river Lopan may be defined as “intensive” pollution. Expected at the posts on the Udy River near the village of Khoroshevo and the village of Eskhar, the water quality is V class “catastrophic”. Conclusion. Certain water quality, using the three methods of WPI, WPI mod. and the pollution coefficient χ over a long period, indicates a significant environmental load of the city of Kharkov on the river system of the Udy river. Changes in water quality indicators occur without any temporary patterns. According to the pollution coefficient χ, water quality deteriorates along the length of the rivers, except for the case on the river Udy - Khoroshevo village, where pollution is qualified as “catastrophic”. Further along the length of the river is the Eskhar village, where water quality is improving, due to the self-cleaning of the river.

Purpose. The analysis of the surface water quality of the Stokhid river, the definition of the class and the category of water quality. Methods. Comparative geographic, analytical, generalization and systematization. Results. Inner annual dynamics of the components of the hydro chemical conditions of surface water composi-tion is closely linked with river runoff, the formation of which occurs due to loss of precipitation and nutrition of groundwater. Based on the analysis of monitoring observations, carried out by the State Environmental Inspec-torate in the Volyn region for the period from 2007 to 2017, it has been determined the multi-year time and spa-tial dynamics of the average annual values of integrated environmental indices by the average values. They are following: in the village Malinovka IE aver. = 2,2 and in Lyubeshiv village IE aver. = 2,4. The water of river Stokhid belongs to the second class of quality ("good", "pure"), to the second category ("very good", "very pure") and subcategories 2 (3) ("very good", " clean" water with a tendency to approach the category of "good", "fairly clean") respectively. Dynamics of average annual values of integral ecological indexes for the worst values in village Malinovka IE worst = 2,6 and in the village Lyubeshiv IEworst = 2,8 was characterized by water of the second class ("good", "pure"), third category ("good", "fairly clean"), subcategory 2-3 (water transitions in quality from "very good", "pure" to "good", "fairly clean") and subcategory 3 (2) ("good", "fairly clean" water with a bias to "very good", "clean"). Conclusions. In general, it should be noticed, that when calculating the values of integral ecological indexes, the value of the indexes of trophic and sapro-biological indicators are the worst. Compounds of Nitrogen was among the substances that determined the water quality as "very poor" and "very dirty". Increased levels of Nitrogen compounds in the Stokhid river is mainly due to the intake of insufficiently treated wastewater, surface runoff from agricultural land and the decomposition of non-living organic matter in the spring.

Purpose.The testing the method of environmental assessment of surface water quality in terms of the use of biological indicators. Methods. Biological and hydrobiological. Results. To evaluate used quantitative and structural indicators of zoobenthos (TBI, BBІ), zooplankton (saprobity index) and phytoplankton (saprobity index, biomass and chlorophyll «a»). The results of the environmental assessment of the quality of waters of the river Seversky Donets River and its major tributaries within the Kharkiv region on biological indicators of surface water quality, which are used in the method of environmental assessment of surface water quality (edition of 2012). The values of the generalized biological index (ІБ) of the average values of indicators show that the water researched areas of the rivers belong to the II and III water quality classes and graded as "good" and "moderate" as "clean" and "contaminated" by the degree of purity (contamination). Areas with the worst values of biological indicators summarizing experiencing the greatest anthropogenic load. BBІ more sensitive reacted to anthropogenic pressure and had a larger range of changes than TBI. Conclusions. In assessing the ecological status of water bodies is absolutely necessary to consider the role of the biological component to display the actual state of aquatic ecosystems. In assessing the ecological status of water bodies is absolutely necessary to consider the role of the biological component to display the actual state of aquatic ecosystems, which reflects the degree of wellbeing ecosystem of the water body as a whole.

With the use of monitoring information were calculated index modular and integrated environmental assessment of surface water quality of the river Western Bug and its tributaries for the years 2013-2014, defined class and category of water quality in the basin of the Western Bug. Surface waters of the Western Bug and its tributaries correspond II - III class quality. Excess of pollutants recorded for ecological-sanitary indicators (NH4+, NO2-) and specific substances toxic effects (Fe).

The article presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of the ecological state of water objects Basin Donets using indicators that characterize the level of anthropogenic pollution of abiotic and biotic components of aquatic ecosystems. It is shown that water quality in the 25 cross-sections of rivers Seversky Donets, Uda, Lopan, Kharkiv, Oskol, Nemyshlya, Suhoy Torets and Pechenga and Krasnooskolskogo reservoirs in 2011 - 2012 did not meet the standards of fishery MPC (the state of the abiotic component), and in 52% of cases (2011) and 64% (2012) did not meet the quality standards for ecotoxicological indicator (status of biotic components of aquatic ecosystems). The poor ecological state of water objects Basin Donets is the result of discharge to surface water bodies basin wastewater contaminated with environmentally hazardous chemicals.

There are considers the basic aspects of ecological audit of hydrological monuments of nature «Okonski Dzherela». Methods of photometrical and potentiometrical analyses which consist of ammonium ions, nitrite and nitrate ions in water. The concentration of investigated ions isn’t over the maximum allowable concen-tration in the most cases. The ecological state of hydrological monuments of nature «Okonski Dzherela» we can consider as acceptable.

Analyzes the development of tourism and recreation in the basins of lakes Turiysk district; the characteristics of the overall ecological condition, morphometric and hydrochemical characteristics of the lake waters; assesses the suitability of lakes for recreational purposes. The perspective development of tourism and recreation of the study area.

Із використанням моніторингової інформації за 2014 рік здійснено інтегральну оцінку сучасного стану й просторових змін якості вод річки Сіверський Донець. Показано, що найкраща якість води, як за With the use of monitoring data for 2014 was carried out an integrated assessment of the current state and spatial changes in water quality of the river Siversky Donets. It is shown that the best water quality, according to the water management assessment (Index = 1.35) and the environmental (Ie = 2.99) was observed in Pecheniz'ke reservoir. The overall tendency of worsening water quality downstream of the Siversky Donets is noted. The worst water quality according to assessment for water management and the most significant decline in the quality of water (Index = 2.97, +1.62 from the previous paragraph, Ie = 3.92, +0.93) was recorded below the confluence riv. Udy. The worst water quality for environmental assessment (Ie = 4.32) in Index = 2.89 is noted below Izium.