ландшафтная структура

Purpose. Identify the main landscape structures of mining landscapes of Kryvyi Rih landscape tech-nical system. Methods. Historical analysis, cartographical method of spatial analysis, forecasting method. Results. In this regard, the analysis of scientific works has been carried out and the landscape factors that cause the emergence of mining landscapes in Kryvyi Rih landscape and technical system have been considered. Mining landscapes were formed as a result of the interaction of technology and nature. Landscape processes and phenomena play a leading role in the formation and development of mining landscapes. Kryvyi Rih landscape technical system underwent significant changes during the 1880s – 2019s. The biggest changes occurred as a result of iron ore mining and storage of industrial waste. In particular, the northern steppe landscapes, the Saksagan and Ingulets riverbeds were completely destroyed along the iron ore deposits of Kryvyi Rih structure. The structure of mining landscapes has been analyzed, their classification has been developed and the detailed characteristic of each of types of mining landscapes has been given. A map has been developed that reflects the territorial organization of the main landscape complexes of the mining landscapes of Kryvyi Rih landscape technical system. Conclusions. The mining landscapes were formed and are developing, which today are leading in the landscape structure of Kryvbas. Emphasis has been placed on the mining and dumping type of mining land-scapes. Recommendations for optimization of landscape structures of mining landscapes of Kryvyi Rih land-scape technical system have been substantiated.

The assessment of the spatial structure the land cover has great significance for the research of landscape especially from the aspect of the maintaining landscape ecological stability and the sustainable development as well as the landscape potential. At the same time it has an important role in identifying of impacts the industry on the landscape. The classes of land cover layers can be considered as the basis for other analyses of landscape. Purpose.: In the contribution we decided to compare the changes in landscape structure between the years 1958 - 2009 in territory of city Krompachy. Methods: field, analytical and mathematical. Results: For evaluating changes in the landscape structure we used topographic map from 1958 and orthophotomaps of the actual situation in 2009. The changes in the landscape structure were evaluated through GIS technologies in time horizon 1958 - 2009. Absolute and percentage differences in the land cover classes for the time horizon 1958 - 2009 are expressed by means of contingency tables transformation. The trends in the development classes of land cover are documented by the graph of the land cover classes on the second hierarchical level.

Approved methods of mathematical study of expanding the territory NNP «Slobozhansky» based on the calculation complexity, entropy and homogeneity of its landscape structure. For ecologically sound expansion of the park proposed to include in its composition floodplain area, by removing part of the economic use of the land of village councils and limitations of human activities on them.