нитраты

Purpose. Assess the quality of drinking water of sources of decentralized water supply of rural settle-ments of Berezivka united territorial community of the enlarged Zhytomyr district. Methods. Field, laboratory-analytical, statistical. Results. As a result of research it is established that the greatest contribution to the pollution of drinking water is made by nitrates, the excess content of which was recorded on average in 50.7% of the selected samples, and in 57% of the studied settlements water belongs to quality class 4, "Limited" given undesirable quality. A critical situation was recorded in Bolyarka, Bondartsi, Dubovets and Cheremoshne villages, in which well water had increased content of nitrates in all selected samples. On average, 34% of the selected water samples do not meet the standard for the pH value in the direction of its reduction. In terms of pH, quality classes vary from "excellent", very clean to "good", clean water with a bias to the class of "satisfactory", slightly contaminated acceptable quality). The total iron content exceeded the standard by 6.6% of the selected samples. Conclusion. It is proved that the formation of the general class of water quality is significantly influenced by a group of general sanitary indicators, which is primarily due to the high content of nitrates in the studied sources of decentralized water supply. The calculation of the integrated ecological index of development of rural settlements according to the indicators of drinking water quality showed that such rural settlements as: Zamozhne and Sadky need priority attention; 11 settlements need improvement; only village of Vasylivka needs support at the same level.

The methodological procedure of comprehensive evaluation of soils of farms in Kremenchugskiy, Semenivskiy and Hlobynskyy districts of Poltava region is substantiated in the work. The analysis of geological and geomorphological, climatic, landscape-geochemical conditions have been carried out in the districts by analyzing groups of factors, as: natural, geochemical and anthropogenic pressures.

Accumulation of nitrates in vegetables having grown mainly within the limits of the Kremenchug district is exposed in the result of carried out researches. The average and maximum concentrations of nitrates in vegetables were analised. For most vegetables exceeded the MPC only maximum concentrations of nitrate, and the average value of concentration - in the normal range. Causes and factors of nitrate accumulation in crops: non-uniform application of fertilizers spreaders from the use of incomplete, inadequate transportation and storage technologies fertilizers and soil properties, meteorological conditions, morphological and physiological characteristics of individual plants, plant variety, and so on. The measures to reduce nitrate content in vegetable production: the use of slow acting polymeric forms of fertilizers, fertilizer granules coating protective film, capsules, local application of nitrogen fertilizers.