оптимізація

Modern processes of urbanization in the city of Ternopil are accompanied by an increase in anthropogenic pressure on the natural component, compaction of building and reduction of green areas. Therefore, there is a need to conduct a geoecological assessment of the structure of plantings of the com-plex green zone of the city, as a factor of ecological safety of the urban ecosystem of Ternopil. Purpose. To assess the structure of the complex green zone of Ternopil city and justify the priority straightways for its optimization. Methods. Descriptive, comparative-geographical, geoinformation, statistical, mathematical, geoecological analysis and optimization modelling. Results. During the geoecological assessment for the structure of the complex green zone of Ter-nopil city, it was found that its total area is 9684 hectares, of which 2027 hectares – forest-park part and 7657 hectares – forestry part. The structure of the complex green zone of Ternopil city is dominated by forests 64%, water bodies and swamps 18,5% and green planting 17,5%. It is determined that the norma-tive area of the complex green zone of Ternopil city should be 13470 hectares, respectively, the deficit of green planting is 5813 hectares. In order to optimize the complex green zone of Ternopil city and bring its area to the normative indicators, the inclusion of perennial plantations in its structure is substantiated and a model of increasing forest cover due to eroded lands is developed. Implementation of such measures and change of purpose of separate land plots will allow to increase the area of forests in the forestry part of the complex green zone of Ternopil city by 3916 hectares and to reduce the erosion of arable lands by 40%. Conclusions. The optimal structure of the complex green zone of Ternopil city will include 8823 hectares - forests, 1903 hectares - perennial plantations, 1419 hectares - water bodies and swamps, 577 hectares - green planting of common use, 433 hectares - special-purpose green planting and 321 hectares - green planting of restricted use. The total area of the complex green zone of Ternopil city will be 13476 hectares. This optimization model of the complex green zone of the city will contribute to its sustainable development and realization of the main functional potentials.

It is analysed the condition of water resources and the level of its usage. It is predetermined the optimization of natures use of West Bug river basin sustem on the territoru of Volun region.

Relevance. The development of measures to prevent possible negative environmental, economic and social problems in forest ecosystems should be based on objective information, which may be provided by the process of landscape-environmental planning. Purpose. Analysis of the conflicts of nature use from anthropogenic activity in forest ecosystems to develop measures optimization of environmental management in the process of landscape-ecological planning. Methods. The assessment of conflicts of nature use in forest ecosystems was carried at the test site of the tract "Zarudska Dacha" of Lyubovytsi forestry of the Malinsky district of Zhytomyr region according to the author's method of landscape-ecological planning. Results. Based on the results of the inventory and evaluation phase of landscape-ecological planning, we have obtained information about the landscape differentiation of the test area, internal and external sources of envi-ronmental conflicts, their boundaries, and intensity. The study of the structure of forestry has shown that the sources of conflict are predominantly forest areas and settlements landscapes. The assessment of intensity of the conflicts has shown that medium-intensity conflicts prevail in the territory. Based on the information of matrices of the conflict measures to optimize the use of nature in forest ecosystems have been developed. Conclusions. For optimization of nature use in forest ecosystems, it is recommended: restoration of plantations, control of rational use of forest resources, reduction of the volumes of use of the chemical means on the adjacent fields, organized garbage collection, controlled recreation, etc.

The problem of different approaches to the modern interpretation of the concepts of «landscape», «antropohenic landscape» and «natural landscape». Based on the analysis of the new terminology of the authors track retrospective change that dominant processes in the landscape and their consequences. Ending debate is to offer authors use Landscape planning to harmonize current challenges in environmental management of areas of different functional purpose. Listed stages of landscape planning and their possible results.

The article contains the results of research of agro-landscape of the Chuguevskogo district of the Kharkov area for the necessities of the landscape planning. The series of cartographic works are developed with applica-tion hybrid-type GIS – technologies which allow to draw conclusion in relation to the degree of anthropogenic transformation of agro-landscape. The row of optimization measures is offered for the settlement of loading on agro-landscape and improvements of ecological situation in a district.

This paper investigates ways to optimize the prospects for the development of ecological networks for sus-tainable development needs of the Kharkiv region based on a comprehensive assessment of the landscape of the area. Proposed to optimize the structure of the ecological network to allocate an additional category of ecological corridors - local. The basis of allocation is proposed to put limits beam-valley systems where vegetation is kept relatively natural composition and carried out limited human pressure.

Approved methods of mathematical study of expanding the territory NNP «Slobozhansky» based on the calculation complexity, entropy and homogeneity of its landscape structure. For ecologically sound expansion of the park proposed to include in its composition floodplain area, by removing part of the economic use of the land of village councils and limitations of human activities on them.