поверхностные воды

Purpose. Environmental assessment of the quality of surface water of small and medium rivers of the Poltava region, in particular: medium rivers – Psel, Vorskla, Merla and five small rivers –Govtva, Grun, Kolomak, Poluzorie, Tashan. Methods. Field, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, cluster analysis. Results. In accordance with the quality standard for surface water of cultural and household purposes, all indicators for medium-sized rivers are within the normal range. There was an excess of zinc in the waters of small rivers - Grun, Tashyas and Poluzorie. The low content of soluble oxygen does not meet the norm. When comparing values with the norm of quality of water for reservoirs of fishery management, excess BOD-5 for the Vorskla and Psel rivers is defined; the content of ammonia and nitrites significantly exceeded the normative value for the river Vorskla, Psel, Merla. The excess of surfactants for medium rivers is determined. The river Vorskla is mostly polluted with cupper; the Psel river – with zinc and iron, in water from the Gotvva, Tashan, Poluzorie and Grun rivers we have identified exceeding BOD-5. Regarding the water-soluble nitrogen compounds, only the nitrogen content corresponds to the normative value. The greatest pollution with ammonia is observed for the Govtva and Kolomak rivers. Excess of MAC on the content of nitrites was identified for the Kolomak river. As a result of the cluster analysis of the river, the degree and nature of pollution of surface water are grouped into three main groups: the first is the Kolomak river, the second one is the Merla, Psel, Grun, Vorskla rivers, the third one is the Tashan, Poluzorie and Govtva rivers. In the future, the results can serve as a tool for regulation, monitoring and solution of pollution problems. Conclusions. Small rivers of Poltava region are under considerable anthro-pogenic impact, their ecological status is estimated as ecological regression. Therefore, priority attention should be paid to improving the ecological status of small rivers in the Poltava region and implementation of the pro-posed nature conservation measures.

Investigated and reviewed data regarding the relationship between heavy metal content in the gross and soluble form in water of the Danube. Calculated the average ratios identify the contribution of dissolved forms of metals such as iron, manganese, zinc, copper and nickel in their gross content in water of the Ukrainian part of river Danube. Impact of migration of heavy metals on their content in the bottom sediments

Purpose.The testing the method of environmental assessment of surface water quality in terms of the use of biological indicators. Methods. Biological and hydrobiological. Results. To evaluate used quantitative and structural indicators of zoobenthos (TBI, BBІ), zooplankton (saprobity index) and phytoplankton (saprobity index, biomass and chlorophyll «a»). The results of the environmental assessment of the quality of waters of the river Seversky Donets River and its major tributaries within the Kharkiv region on biological indicators of surface water quality, which are used in the method of environmental assessment of surface water quality (edition of 2012). The values of the generalized biological index (ІБ) of the average values of indicators show that the water researched areas of the rivers belong to the II and III water quality classes and graded as "good" and "moderate" as "clean" and "contaminated" by the degree of purity (contamination). Areas with the worst values of biological indicators summarizing experiencing the greatest anthropogenic load. BBІ more sensitive reacted to anthropogenic pressure and had a larger range of changes than TBI. Conclusions. In assessing the ecological status of water bodies is absolutely necessary to consider the role of the biological component to display the actual state of aquatic ecosystems. In assessing the ecological status of water bodies is absolutely necessary to consider the role of the biological component to display the actual state of aquatic ecosystems, which reflects the degree of wellbeing ecosystem of the water body as a whole.

Purpose. Determination of lethal levels of acute and chronic toxicity of water. Methods. Biotesting. Results. The paper presents the results of experimental studies within the implementation of which was developed algorithms and how to quantify the levels of lethal acute and chronic toxicity of water using bioassay techniques for tseriodafniyah. The classification scale based on a synthesis of a large array of many years of experimental data to determine the toxicity of more than 3600 samples of wastewater enterprises of various sectors of the economy and the quality of some 2,000 water samples in surface water basins Seversky Donets, Dnieper, Dniester, Danube, Southern Bug and Western Bug. Conclusions. For these bioassay methods, the following metrological characteristics: error bioassay results; reproducibility bioassay; standard operational control reproducibility bioassay results; range response test object.

With the use of monitoring information were calculated index modular and integrated environmental assessment of surface water quality of the river Western Bug and its tributaries for the years 2013-2014, defined class and category of water quality in the basin of the Western Bug. Surface waters of the Western Bug and its tributaries correspond II - III class quality. Excess of pollutants recorded for ecological-sanitary indicators (NH4+, NO2-) and specific substances toxic effects (Fe).

The contribution of separate divisions of a national economy of Vinnitsa region to pollution of a surface water, because forming of quality of natural waters can be estimated on volume upcasts wastewater in water objects. It was systematized and processed information on the main indicators of a fence, use and up cast of waters (including the pollutants in the wastewater), on industries of industry, separately on basins of the rivers (Southern Bug, Dniester, Dnepr, – within the limits of area) and as a whole in the region.

The questions about the role of the aquatic ecosystems biological component in the formation of sediment were reviewed. The role of aquatic organisms (phytoplankton, higher aquatic plants, invertebrates, and other groups of organisms) in self-purification of aquatic ecosystems and the formation of sediments were analyzed.

The article presents the scientific rationale, general requirements and principles set standards of ecological safety for water of water objects of fishery; it has been formulated requirements for water quality of surface water objects to ensure normal functioning of aquatic geoecosystem. It has been also developed and worked instructional techniques and procedures for establishing standards of ecological safety of water management - fishery the maximum concentration limit substances. Generalized results establish ecological and fisheries fishery standard - the maximum concentration limit (MCL) morpholine. In terms of the value of the MCL (0.125 mg / l), stability in the aquatic environment (reduc-tion of 95% concentration is 32 days), the index of material accumulation in organs and tissues of fish (0,85-2,4), the degree of factor of defeat aquatic geoecosystem ( 1.1) morpholine belongs to 3 hazard class.

The spatial distribution of heavy metals in abiotic components of aquatic ekosystems rivers depends pri-marily on landscape (natural) features of the area which is formed by runoff. Determining for the rivers and their areas under human influence becomes surface runoff from urban areas, wastewater and recycled water intake with feeding groundwater.The basic factors that influence the formation of the quality of the sediments in the river Seversky Donets and the accumulation of heavy metals were reviewed. Determined that a higher content of metals in the sediments have an average with a high content of silt and clay, which can be explained both by the chemical composition of the clay soil, and the ability to absorb himself in the metal from the aqueous phase.

Key factors of atmospheric air, surface and ground waters’pollution have been determined.Main directions in mapping of ecological conditions and environmental protection have been presented in the paper. Examples and contents of series of ecological maps of environment’s dynamic components of Kharkiv region have been given.