природно-заповідний фонд

Purpose. To investigate the state of the Nature Reserve Fund (NRF) in Khmelnytskyi region in the con-text of the Emerald Network development. Methods. We have used the data of the Register of the Nature Reserve Fund of Khmelnytskyi region, the literature, the cartographic materials and the state documentations as the materials for our investigation. Based on the criteria created by Yu. M. Gryshchenko the state of the NRF of Khmelnytskyi region has been assessed. Results. 536 objects of the Nature Reserve Fund of Khmelnytskyi region on 328,663.98 ha have been created (January 1, 2021): 42 national objects and 494 local objects. The Nature Reserve Fund of this region includes all categories of protected areas except for the nature and biosphere reserves. About 80% of the area of the NRF is occupied by the Podilsky Tovtry National Nature Park. The NRF is characterized by high percentages of the nature reserves, high density of NRF objects and high landscape representativeness and low insularization index. Despite the expansion of the NRF over 2000–2020, the percentage of the nature reserves is 44% less than set out in the Regional Development Strategy (January 1, 2020). Eight NRF objects of this region are included in the Emerald Network of Europe. All emerald objects are characterized by high representativeness indices and the uniqueness of the flora and fauna. The objects of the Emerald Network are provided the preserving of the unique ecosystems of Podillya. These are the value of Khmelnytskyi region and Europe. The public environmental initiative “Emerald – Natura 2000 in Ukraine” has included two NRF objects to the “shadow list” in the Khmelnytskyi region: the Dnister and Ushytsia Reserves. Despite the positive dynamics of the formation of the NRF of this region, there are a lot of the problems and gaps. There are such problems as a difficult ap-proval procedure for the creation of new protected areas; the insufficient funding of the NRF at the local and state levels. Also the system of the monitoring of the existing Nature Reserved Objects and the information about the current state of the biodiversity in this territory are absent. The non-compliance with the regime of the protected areas, the insufficient environmental awareness and the ignorance of the citizens about the need to preserve the environment are great problems. Conclusions. The NRF of Khmelnytskyi region is characterized by high qualitative and quantitative characteristics (a large number of the Nature Reserved Objects, high percentages of the nature reserves, high density of the NRF objects, high landscape representativeness and low insularization index). Eight NRF objects of this region are included in the Emerald Network of Europe. However, despite the expansion of the NRF of Khmelnytskyi region and its quality indices, a number of the problems of the nature protection have remained. These problems have to be solved in the local and national levels.

Purpose. To analyze the peculiarities of the organization and problems of development of recreational and tourist activities and the dynamics of the number of visitors to the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve, determine the centers of the greatest recreational load and their current state. Methods. Geospatial analysis, statistical-mathematical, cartographic, etc. Results. The current state and features of the organization of recreation and tourism in the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve in combination with environmental activities, which provides for maximum greening and rational use of recreational resources. The dynamics and current structure of the number of visitors to the bio-sphere reserve in terms of protected areas and environmental research departments are also analyzed. As a result, it was found that over the last ten years from 2011 to 2020, the number of visitors to the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve has increased significantly, and its maximum was recorded in 2017 – 37 443 people. The greatest recreational load is experienced by the reserve «Dolyna nartsysiv», which is visited annually mainly in the spring by about 40 % of tourists and vacationers of the reserve. The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on recreational and tourist activities in the reserve, which in 2020 caused a sharp decrease in the number of visitors, with the exception of Tribushansky and Petros-Hoverlyansky nature protection research departments, which are characterized by a positive increase in visitors. Conclusions. The intensity of recreational and tourist activities in the reserve differs significantly, which causes an uneven recreational load on ecotourism routes, recreational facilities and protected areas. The greatest load on the recreational resources of the plain part of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve is observed in May, then in Svydovetsky, Chornohirsky and others mountain protected areas active phase of recreational and tourist activities recorded in the summer - from June to August. Intensive monitoring of the recreational load and the current state of valuable landscape complexes of the reserve is needed at this period.

Purpose. To assess the main trends in the formation of nature reserves and the degree of protection of the territory of Sumy region to determine the directions of development of the regional ecological net-work. Methods. Methods of historical analysis, statistical processing, spatial modeling, evaluation and generalization of the obtained data are used. Results. During the study period since 1991, the area of NPF has increased 5.44 times, and the num-ber of NPF objects - almost 2 times and in 2019 is 275 units. Comparison of administrative districts of Sumy region by the number of NPF objects allows to determine the districts - "leaders": Romensky (37), Sumy and Lebedyn (25 pieces each), Krolevets (24) and districts - outsiders - Buryn (5), Shostka (7) and Velykopysarivsky 8). By the area of the nature reserve fund "leaders" - Putivl district (39298.55 hectares) and Konotop district (32440.7 hectares). The discrepancy between a large number of objects and the area of the NPF prompted the determination of the percentage of reserves and modeling of the relationship between these three indicators. Based on car-tographic visualization and statistical modeling, recommendations have been developed, the main of which are: intensification of the creation of NPF objects of local significance, first of all, in the areas that are most "lagging behind" in the process of bequest; renewal of previously rejected NFP Projects and facil-itate their approval; initiating activities to promote tourist routes on unique natural, historical, ethnograph-ic sites of the NPF for economic support of communities. Conclusions. It is established that the degree of protection of the territory of Sumy region is lower than recommended and averages 7.43%. Spatially, there is a band of high concentration of NPF objects with relatively large areas, which even exceeds the recommended (Konotop, Krolevets and Putivl, or ac-cording to the new zoning - Krolevets district) in the central part of the region, which is surrounded on both sides by areas with low percentage (up to 5%) of protected areas and only the extreme northern and southern parts of the region (Seredino-Budsky, Trostyanetsky, Velykopysarivsky and Okhtyrsky districts) are approaching the norm in terms of the percentage of protected areas. The patterns identified by model-ing allow us to recommend increasing the share of NPF in the total area of the region in two directions - increasing the area of the existing facilities or creating a large number of new ones with small areas.

Purpose. Assessment of the nature reserve fund of Volyn region, identify the main trends of its development. Methods. Geographical analysis and synthesis. Results. The ecological aspects of the natural reserve fund of Volyn’ region have been described in the article. The structure of the natural reserve fund has been analyzed. Three national nature parks exist in Volyn’ region. The dynamics of the increasing of the number of the objects of the natural reserve fond in Volyn’ region is observed during last years. The number of the objects of the natural reserve fund in Volyn’ region increases from 370 to 388 during 2010 – 2015 years. The increasing of the financial support of the natural reserved fond in Volyn’ region is also observed during last years. Conclusions. There is a clear trend of increasing the number and area of protected natural objects and territories within the region.

In this article considered approaches to creation of the object of natural reserve fund at the Chornobyl Polissia, where as a result of the Chornobyl disaster (in 1986), large areas were contaminated by radionuclides, intense eco-nomic activity was stopped, settlements were abandoned, the men – resettled. After removal of anthropogenic impact on the ecosystems at territory of Zone formed conditions for the restoration of flora, fauna and habitats. And there is a reason to expect that within 30-50 years at the territory of Zone will form biocenosis the value of which is difficult to assess now. At this article substantiated creation of biosphere reserve due to methodology of the Program «Man and Biosphere» UNESCO and introduction of regulated environmentally reasonable usage.