сільське господарство

Purpose. Research of space-time changes in the specialization of grain and leguminous crops of the plant complex of Kherson region. Methods. System analysis, statistical, mathematical and cartographic. Results. Using a statistical method, we collected and analyzed data on sown areas of cereals and legumes in 2015 - 2019 in the Kherson region. Based on statistical data, we calculated the coefficients of territorial localization and identified areas of specialization of grain production. Using GIS-technologies we have developed maps of specialization of districts of Kherson region.As a result of research, we have revealed the basic laws of development of agriculture of the Kherson region, in particular production of grain crops. We also conducted a spatial-temporal analysis of the development of agricultural production of cereals and legumes using the analysis of land resources. On the basis of modern research methods, we have typified the territory of the Kherson region, identified areas of specialization in the cultivation of cereals and legumes in terms of administrative districts of the region. This made it possible to identify factors influencing the specialization of the region. It is determined that among all crop industries of Kherson region, grain production has developed the most. Conclusions. The dynamics of development showed that such trends as: reduction of the total area of crops; change of areas of specialization on cultivation; increasing grain yields and increasing grain production, had a positive impact on the development of grain production. The directions of intensification of grain production for its optimization are offered: introduction of the newest technologies of cultivation; investment activity; improvement of biological aspects of production, selection activities and reproduction of soil fertility.

Accumulation of nitrates in vegetables having grown mainly within the limits of the Kremenchug district is exposed in the result of carried out researches. The average and maximum concentrations of nitrates in vegetables were analised. For most vegetables exceeded the MPC only maximum concentrations of nitrate, and the average value of concentration - in the normal range. Causes and factors of nitrate accumulation in crops: non-uniform application of fertilizers spreaders from the use of incomplete, inadequate transportation and storage technologies fertilizers and soil properties, meteorological conditions, morphological and physiological characteristics of individual plants, plant variety, and so on. The measures to reduce nitrate content in vegetable production: the use of slow acting polymeric forms of fertilizers, fertilizer granules coating protective film, capsules, local application of nitrogen fertilizers.