устойчивое развитие

Purpose. To determine sustainable development conditions according to the criteria of emissions of harmful substances and waste generation when modelling impact factors of the parameters and general environmental situation in Ukraine. Methods. In the research general scientific (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analytical grouping) and special (abstraction, modelling, etc.) methods of studying economic phenomena and processes have been used. Results. For modelling of national sustainable development parameters by the parameters of emissions of harmful substances and waste generation it has been proposed to apply sectoral approach and the model of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). It has been proved that the EKC model should be used not only to model parameters of emissions of harmful substances, but also for waste generation. Besides, it has been proved that it is necessary to take into account not only national level indicators, but also the contribution of the leading sectors driving national economy. Modelling has been carried out for the following industries: pro-cessing; mining and quarry development; agriculture, forestry and fisheries; supply of electricity, gas, steam and conditioned air; transport, warehousing, post and courier services. The models are based on correlation between GDP, average nominal income per capita, environmental costs, waste generation and emissions of harmful sub-stances at the national level and by its leading industries. It has been determined that reaching the "turning point" on sectoral EKCs correlates waste generation and emissions with industry`s rate of remuneration, value added (sectoral GDP) and sectoral investment in environmental protection in the context of industry`s specifics. It has been demonstrated that in Ukraine the "turning point" on the EKC has been provided by 20% of economically active population in industries that generate 46% of emissions amid country's average nominal income per employee and steady growth of environmental expenses for at least two years. Conclusions. It has been proved that the EKC for Ukraine should be analyzed by the sectors of national economy. To form effective national environmental policy, sectoral EKCs should be applied to determine emis-sions of harmful substances and waste generation. It has been determined that the key factor to ensure country`s sustainable development is environmental investment both at the national level and by its driving economic sectors. Thus, the sectoral EKC reflects the progress towards industries` sustainable development that form main revenue receipts of the government and determine the rate of remuneration in the real sector. Modelling of the EKC parameters for waste and emissions of harmful substances fully corresponds to the trends of sustainable economic growth and its transition to the innovative type of development.

Purpose. The study objective was to model the conditions to reach the "turning point" in the environmen-tal Kuznets curve model (EKC) for the Ukrainian economy. Меthods. In the research general scientific (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analytical grouping) and special (abstraction, modelling, etc.) methods of studying economic phenomena and processes have been used. Results. To determine the conditions for maintaining sustainable development of the national economy, it has been proposed to use sectoral approach. It is based on the idea that to reach the sustainable turning point in the EKC model for Ukraine, key parameters of its leading economic sectors have to be managed. Such industries for Ukraine are: processing; mining and quarry development; agriculture, forestry and fisheries; supply of electricity, gas, steam and conditioned air; transport, warehousing, post and courier service. It has been proved that sustainable turning point was not reached because mining, transport, warehousing, post and courier services, agriculture, forestry and fisheries put back. It has been demonstrated that processing industry and energy are the priority sectors for the development of Ukraine's economy, because they have the predominant economic conditions to get higher added value compared with mining, and Ukraine's agricultural capacity could be used to increase wages of the sector`s staff. It has been determined that transport sector`s negative trends are explained by few environmentally friendly vehicles in Ukraine and, as a result, higher recent emissions of air pollutants. Conclusions. It has been proved that EKC for Ukraine could be built on the basis of correlation between sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, oxide, carbon dioxide emissions and income per capita in Ukraine. It has been found out that Kuznets curve in Ukraine is "point"-like. The EKC based on correlation between emissions of air pollutants and average nominal income per capita in the leading sectors of the national economy has been pro-posed. It has been proved that it is possible to ensure sustainable development of Ukraine's economy by greening production within the existing structure of the national economy based on sectoral capital investment and intensification of government support policy of environment.

There are considered the ecological state of small cities of Kharkiv region. Analyzed the basic state laws, regulations, orders and regional programs, regulating the development of the principles of sustainable development, supporting the ecological state of small cities. Will propose the basic principles оf effective management of the development in small cities, which would add to the regional economic mechanism of management and improving the quality of the environment of the environment in small сities.

The exact forecast of the future and choice of a real way to a sustainable development are possible only on the basis of new concepts: nootechnologies, nooecology, noosociety, noodevelopment, foresight etc. On an ex-ample of solar power it is proved, that the newest scientific achievements are sufficient for the decision of power and other problems of mankind. A problem of secondary and the higher school is preparation of scientists of the highest qualification.