экологическое состояние

Purpose. To analyze the peculiarities of the organization and problems of development of recreational and tourist activities and the dynamics of the number of visitors to the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve, determine the centers of the greatest recreational load and their current state. Methods. Geospatial analysis, statistical-mathematical, cartographic, etc. Results. The current state and features of the organization of recreation and tourism in the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve in combination with environmental activities, which provides for maximum greening and rational use of recreational resources. The dynamics and current structure of the number of visitors to the bio-sphere reserve in terms of protected areas and environmental research departments are also analyzed. As a result, it was found that over the last ten years from 2011 to 2020, the number of visitors to the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve has increased significantly, and its maximum was recorded in 2017 – 37 443 people. The greatest recreational load is experienced by the reserve «Dolyna nartsysiv», which is visited annually mainly in the spring by about 40 % of tourists and vacationers of the reserve. The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on recreational and tourist activities in the reserve, which in 2020 caused a sharp decrease in the number of visitors, with the exception of Tribushansky and Petros-Hoverlyansky nature protection research departments, which are characterized by a positive increase in visitors. Conclusions. The intensity of recreational and tourist activities in the reserve differs significantly, which causes an uneven recreational load on ecotourism routes, recreational facilities and protected areas. The greatest load on the recreational resources of the plain part of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve is observed in May, then in Svydovetsky, Chornohirsky and others mountain protected areas active phase of recreational and tourist activities recorded in the summer - from June to August. Intensive monitoring of the recreational load and the current state of valuable landscape complexes of the reserve is needed at this period.

Puporse. Approbation of the application of the method for assessment the ecological state of the rivers of the forest-steppe and steppe physiographic regions of Ukraine and justifying the possibility of using the aquatic macrophyte communities in the "Methodology for the Environmental Assessment of Surface Water Quality in the Corresponding Categories". Methods. Based on materials of the expeditionary surveys with the usage of MMOR Polish method the typing and environmental assessment of Seversky Donets basin within the Kharkiv region are done. Results. The results of the application of the method for assessing the state of rivers with the help of macrophytes MOOR for the Seversky Donets River basin were carried out for the first time and showed significant consistency with earlier assessments of the ecological state of the Seversky Donets River on a complex of chemical and biological methods.The results of MIR indices varied within 23.0 - 37.9. The analyses of the obtained data indicates that "moderate" ecological status (Grade 3 – eutrophic status) was observed on the majority sites. "Good" status (Grade 2 – mesotrophic status) noted in 7 sites and only 2 sites with "bad" status (Grade 5 – hippertrophic status). An spatial distribution ecological status by MIR of Seversky Donets River and its major tributaries within the Kharkiv region. The classification scheme for the use of the index MIR in the "Methodology environmental assessment of surface water quality for the respective categories" was done. Conclusions. The use of the MMOR method is advisable in the "Methodology for the Environmental Assessment of Surface Water Quality ...". The method allows to attract the macrophyte community to assess the ecological state of surface water bodies, which makes an ecological assessment of the quality of surface waters more thorough.

Purpose. Analysis of anthropogenic impact on the environment Rivne region. Methods. Geoinformation method, system ArcGIS. Results. In the article was analyzed pollution sources of Rivne region nature environment. Also was studied industrial complex and prevailing branches of industry features. The detailed long-term analysis made for anthropogenic impact on region air. Characterized main pollutants of atmospheric air. Using geoinformational system ArcGIS constructed series of GIS models that showed ecological condition of studied region. Conclusions. The main air pollutants are road transport and small businesses.

Purpose.The testing the method of environmental assessment of surface water quality in terms of the use of biological indicators. Methods. Biological and hydrobiological. Results. To evaluate used quantitative and structural indicators of zoobenthos (TBI, BBІ), zooplankton (saprobity index) and phytoplankton (saprobity index, biomass and chlorophyll «a»). The results of the environmental assessment of the quality of waters of the river Seversky Donets River and its major tributaries within the Kharkiv region on biological indicators of surface water quality, which are used in the method of environmental assessment of surface water quality (edition of 2012). The values of the generalized biological index (ІБ) of the average values of indicators show that the water researched areas of the rivers belong to the II and III water quality classes and graded as "good" and "moderate" as "clean" and "contaminated" by the degree of purity (contamination). Areas with the worst values of biological indicators summarizing experiencing the greatest anthropogenic load. BBІ more sensitive reacted to anthropogenic pressure and had a larger range of changes than TBI. Conclusions. In assessing the ecological status of water bodies is absolutely necessary to consider the role of the biological component to display the actual state of aquatic ecosystems. In assessing the ecological status of water bodies is absolutely necessary to consider the role of the biological component to display the actual state of aquatic ecosystems, which reflects the degree of wellbeing ecosystem of the water body as a whole.

In the article the estimation of the ecological state of the river basin of Strypa. Described relief, geological structure and soil Basin of Strypa. An morphometric, hydrographic, hydrological characteristics. The analysis of water use in the basin of Strypa. A hydrochemical analysis. The characteristic of coastal protection strips and waterworks. Studied the human impact on river basin of Strypa subsystems for the «The use of land», «The use of river flow», «Water Quality».

The article presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of the ecological state of water objects Basin Donets using indicators that characterize the level of anthropogenic pollution of abiotic and biotic components of aquatic ecosystems. It is shown that water quality in the 25 cross-sections of rivers Seversky Donets, Uda, Lopan, Kharkiv, Oskol, Nemyshlya, Suhoy Torets and Pechenga and Krasnooskolskogo reservoirs in 2011 - 2012 did not meet the standards of fishery MPC (the state of the abiotic component), and in 52% of cases (2011) and 64% (2012) did not meet the quality standards for ecotoxicological indicator (status of biotic components of aquatic ecosystems). The poor ecological state of water objects Basin Donets is the result of discharge to surface water bodies basin wastewater contaminated with environmentally hazardous chemicals.

There are considered the ecological state of small cities of Kharkiv region. Analyzed the basic state laws, regulations, orders and regional programs, regulating the development of the principles of sustainable development, supporting the ecological state of small cities. Will propose the basic principles оf effective management of the development in small cities, which would add to the regional economic mechanism of management and improving the quality of the environment of the environment in small сities.

There are the analysis of the ecological status of water resources Luhansk region for the period of 2007-2011. Also determine the environmental situation in the Seversky Donets River and the sources of pollution. The worst ecological situation in the rivers Lugan and the Seversky Donets River, where most of the water quality is classified as contaminated. The basic amount of pollutants into the Seversky Donets river basin within the Lu-gansk region comes from discharges of chemical and coal industry, housing and utilities directly to the river channels.

Key factors of atmospheric air, surface and ground waters’pollution have been determined.Main directions in mapping of ecological conditions and environmental protection have been presented in the paper. Examples and contents of series of ecological maps of environment’s dynamic components of Kharkiv region have been given.