ecosystem

To analyze the current state of marine research problems and to formulate proposals for the establishment of a national system of sustainable development of marine research in Ukraine and ways of their implementa-tion. Analysis of current problems in the marine research and respective national and international legal frame-work has been performed. It was shown that the problems of investigations are directly connected with natural and anthropogenic changes and pressures in marine ecosystems. Detailed analysis of national low base present-ed. Some grounded measures and steps to establish the national system for sustainable development of marine studies and technologies in Ukraine have been proposed. Are discussed the actual directions and their im-portance for science and research taking into account the national interests of Ukraine and to ensure compliance with the Association Agreement and other international commitments of Ukraine. The establishment the Black Sea joint international network of reference (basic) marine research stations for using in interests of all the Black Sea countries are proposed. Conclusions: Renovation of national system of the scientific research and technologies cannot be developed without establishing of respective infrastructure, restoration of marine potential and modern system of marine specialists education taking into account experience of European and global science.

One of the main reasons for the necessity of our study was the fact that previous researchers used only model experiments on the impact of dilution of sulfuric mud on seawater and did not take into account in their conclusions the fundamental foundations of the functioning of ecosystems, such as the cyclicity of the salt and hydrological balance and the cyclic functioning of biocenosis in Ecosystem of the estuarine complex.Purpose. Revealing of real biological consequences of the Kuyalnik Estuary filling with big amounts of marine water in 2014-2016. Methods. Standard methods of hydrological, hydrochemical, hydrobiological and microbiological studies. Results. Based on the comprehensive studies the analysis of dynamics of the Kuyalnik Estuary ecosystem’s main physicochemical and hydrobiological characteristics has been performed, first of all of species composition, abundance and biomass of phytoplankton, bacterioplankton, zooplankton and concentrations of photosynthetic pigments. It has been shown that the studied biological characteristics have seasonal variations, the main reasons of which are changes in temperature and mineral content of the estuarine water, as well as the cases of gypsum sedimentation observed in summer of 2015 and 2016. Conclusions. Feeding of marine water did not achieve the expected result of stable estuarine water freshening, but worsened the situation with the unique biocoenosis. The current methodology of the estuary refilling with marine water causes negative consequences, which aggravate with each next feeding of marine water into the estuary and will accrue and entail the irreversible processes and complete degradation of the estuary’s ecosystem. We propose to focus on the restoration of the freshwater flow of the Big Kuyalnik River and the search for other engineering solutions.

Purpose. The analysis of peculiarities of natural ecosystems functioning in case of radioactive pollution is provided. Methods. Theoretical analysis and synthesis. Results. The ecosystems of Polissya are considered as a case study in the article since they have been impacted severely as the result of the Chernobyl nuclear acci-dent. The key factors influencing on the degree of ecosystems restoration in case of emergency situation related to radioactive pollution are determined and systematized. The background of the ecosystems classification is idea about correspondence of the structure and species composition of ecosystems autotrophic unit (phytoceno-sis) to habitat conditions (ecotope). It is determined that changes in Polissya ecosystems in the area of the Cher-nobyl nuclear accident impact caused not only by radiation but also a wide range of secondary processes not related directly to the contamination of the environment. Based on the analysis of information accumulated over the past 30-year period it is determined that the degree of ecosystems degradation and restoration depends both on the individual characteristics of the components of ecosystems, and the nature of the emergency and post-emergency anthropogenic activity. Conclusions. Analyzing the restoration of natural ecosystems, can be observed the effect of synergy on the one hand due to the properties of natural ecosystems and their components resist radiation effects and maintain its structure and functional features, and the other - decreasing anthropogenic load.

Based on decades of research hydrochemical indicators PECHENEZSKE reservoir found that oxygen conditions in general satisfactory, halogen concentrations of pesticides and triazine herbicides in the water below the maximum allowable concentrations. Today, the limit values of Pechenezske water-reservoir observed for copper and chromium. Pechenezske reservoir unfavorable to ligulidoz invasion since 1991. On parasitological parame-ters revealed the highest concentration of sick fish in the Gulf of Kulakowski and Artem and pridambovom site. Dangerous to human agents, namely chemicals, radioactive isotopes over MDS were found. Identified possible sources that significantly affect the balance of the ecosystem Pechenigy reservoir, including water, and recom-mended ways to deal with issues, improve the ecosystem of the reservoir.

The problem of fires in natural ecosystems is presented. Generalization is conducted and classification of mathematical models that has deal with and distribution of landscape firesis resulted . Mathematical models that were created domestic scientists in the last few years are analysed. It is found out that scientific researches are related to the mathematical design of fires in natural ecosystem and have the mainly applied value, and were directed on providing of fire safety of the forests and liquidation of landscape fires.