environmental impact

Purpose. Describe the categories of environmental risk, the degree of their impact on the environment. Results. The place of ecological risk in the system of environmental impact assessment is substantiated. Modern methodology for environmental risk assessment involves a parallel consideration of risks to human health and environmental risks caused by disturbance of ecosystems and adverse effects on environmental components, risks of deteriorating quality and deteriorating living conditions. The reasons for the risk are unplanned events in the environment that may adversely affect the company, the progress of its plans. These include both predictable and unpredictable events. Risk factors are the conditions under which risk causes may arise. Among them are: political, scientific and technical, socio-economic, environmental and more. Conclusions. In the strategic perspective, it is necessary to improve the national environmental policy and create a national system of environmental safety and an effective system of environmental monitoring as a universal tool for its implementation. One of the tasks of this system is effective environmental risk management.

Purpose. Analysis of environmental problems and risks associated with the construction and operation of small hydroelectric power facilities (SHEPP) in the Ukrainian Carpathians. Methods. Field studies, statistical, hydrological, hydroecological, analysis and synthesis. Results. Potential environmental risks arising from the construction and operation of SHEPP in the Ukrainian Carpathians are considered. The influence of Yavіrska hydroelectric power station on water discharg-es in the Stryi river was investigated. The daily water discharges for the two hydraulic sections located above and below the station for low-water (2003) and high-water (2008) years are analyzed. Possible risks in the con-struction and operation of the hydroelectric power plant for the movement of flood waters, river sediments, the development of riverbed deformations, and others, are indicated. The difference in water discharges between the two hydrological stations is presented, and it is confirmed that in the spring of 2008 and 2003 and the autumn and winter of 2003 and 2008 minimal differences in water consumption were observed as a result of the water retention in the reservoir above the dam of Yavіrska hydro power station for the maximal electrical power generation. The impact of the Yavіrska SHEPP on the biota of the Stryi river during 2014–2015 was analyzed. The obtained results indicate that the main negative factors affecting the communities of river hydrobionts are the creation of reservoir of limnethic conditions in the continuum of the river ecosystem; the accumulation of sediments and dead organic matter on its bottom and banks and the demolition of these sediments on the lower sections of the channel bed; also a decrease of water in the riverbed downstream of the dam after the closure of the floodgates in June. The analysis of the environmental impact assessment reports made it possible to analyze the major environmental threats, which are possible during the building and operation of a small hydroelectric power plant on the Stryi river in the Dovhe village (Drohobych district, Lviv region). Conclusions. To prevent the impact of the projected SHEPP in the Carpathian region it is necessary to prescribe the mechanism of carrying out the environmental impact assessment, to specify the natural-geographical, hydrological and hydro-ecological restrictions on the construction and operation of the hydroelec-tric power station. It is also necessary to identify sections of mountain (“wild”) rivers with high values of natural landscapes and prohibit the construction of small hydropower facilities.

The issue of the ecological consequences of anthropogenic pollution of surface water is effectively addressed in the EU countries within the framework of the implementation of the provisions of Directive 2004/35 / EC. In particular, the following indicators are recommended for the assessment of the ecological consequences of pollution of aquatic landscapes and the degree of disturbance of the properties of the aquatic ecosystem: the presence and condition of the dominant species of aquatic organisms, their biomass, the distribution area, the ability to reproduce, the provision of favorable living conditions, etc. Purpose. Ecotoxicological studies effects of anthropogenic pollution of aquatic landscapes reverse water enterprises in various industries located in the Dnipropetrovsk region. Methods. Bioassay techniques for algae, crustaceans and fishes. Results. Shown that the return water 11 companies out of 14 have done used a toxic effect on the test - organisms. The most toxic water appeared to reverse JSC "Evraz - Dnieper Metallurgical Factory". Based on the assessment of the impact of reverse water discharges on the quality of surface water, it has been established that the damaging factor of the aquatic ecosystem of the rivers Dnipro, Saksagan, Ingulets, Bokovenko and Sukhiy Chortomlyk, in which toxic back water (toxicity classes II and III) is discharged, is from 1.2 and 1,3, respectively. Such a degree of damage is characterized by a violation of the structure of the aquatic ecosystem, the nature of its functioning, a decrease in bio-productivity and self-purifying water capacity.Conclusions. As a result of the discharge of surface water toxic wastewaters disturbed structure and the functioning of aquatic ecosystems, and reduced productivity in its self-cleaning ability.