hydrobionts

Purpose. Analysis of environmental problems and risks associated with the construction and operation of small hydroelectric power facilities (SHEPP) in the Ukrainian Carpathians. Methods. Field studies, statistical, hydrological, hydroecological, analysis and synthesis. Results. Potential environmental risks arising from the construction and operation of SHEPP in the Ukrainian Carpathians are considered. The influence of Yavіrska hydroelectric power station on water discharg-es in the Stryi river was investigated. The daily water discharges for the two hydraulic sections located above and below the station for low-water (2003) and high-water (2008) years are analyzed. Possible risks in the con-struction and operation of the hydroelectric power plant for the movement of flood waters, river sediments, the development of riverbed deformations, and others, are indicated. The difference in water discharges between the two hydrological stations is presented, and it is confirmed that in the spring of 2008 and 2003 and the autumn and winter of 2003 and 2008 minimal differences in water consumption were observed as a result of the water retention in the reservoir above the dam of Yavіrska hydro power station for the maximal electrical power generation. The impact of the Yavіrska SHEPP on the biota of the Stryi river during 2014–2015 was analyzed. The obtained results indicate that the main negative factors affecting the communities of river hydrobionts are the creation of reservoir of limnethic conditions in the continuum of the river ecosystem; the accumulation of sediments and dead organic matter on its bottom and banks and the demolition of these sediments on the lower sections of the channel bed; also a decrease of water in the riverbed downstream of the dam after the closure of the floodgates in June. The analysis of the environmental impact assessment reports made it possible to analyze the major environmental threats, which are possible during the building and operation of a small hydroelectric power plant on the Stryi river in the Dovhe village (Drohobych district, Lviv region). Conclusions. To prevent the impact of the projected SHEPP in the Carpathian region it is necessary to prescribe the mechanism of carrying out the environmental impact assessment, to specify the natural-geographical, hydrological and hydro-ecological restrictions on the construction and operation of the hydroelec-tric power station. It is also necessary to identify sections of mountain (“wild”) rivers with high values of natural landscapes and prohibit the construction of small hydropower facilities.

Studies are devoted to the ecological assessment of the pond aquatic ecosystem components, Bobrivka village, Kharkiv district, Kharkiv oblast. Purpose. In order to achieve the goal, it was tasked to determine the seasonal redistribution of hydrochemical indicators, especially the distribution of heavy metals in the system "water-bottom sediments- hydrobionts". Methods. The toxicological analysis of the accumulation of heavy metals in fishery products made it possible to assess the suitability of the pond for fish breeding. It is shown that the hydrochemical parameters fully meet swater quality standards for cultural-household and recreational purposes. Results. Toxicological assessment of water suitability for fish breeding revealed a complex situation in several indicators. The content of free ammonia at all stages of sampling significantly exceeded the MAC values for fish breeding. In autumn, this figure was the highest and was 9.6 MAC. Excess the MAC values for fish breeding is fixed for nitric nitrogen. It is 1.1-4.2 MAC.The toxicological assessment for the water for fishing has shown difficult situation with respect to copper and zinc. For copper and zinc, the maximum excessive MAC was observed in December, its value was respectively 73 MAC and 19 MAC.The total iron concentration, the value of hydrogen indicator and easily soluble organic compounds are within the MAC values.Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd contents in muscle tissues of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Cyprinus carpio does not exceed the MAC values. Conclusions. A choice of measures is proposed to protect the pond from pollution, which must be performed for the suitability of the water pond for fish breeding.