Kharkiv region

We consider the practical aspects of renewable energy sources by households of the Kharkiv region. Computational method to determine the cost and payback periods of equipment for heating, hot water and electricity supply of private economy through alternative energy sources. Studies have shown that at present the use of renewable energy sources noted the high cost of equipment and a long payback period.

Purpose.The testing the method of environmental assessment of surface water quality in terms of the use of biological indicators. Methods. Biological and hydrobiological. Results. To evaluate used quantitative and structural indicators of zoobenthos (TBI, BBІ), zooplankton (saprobity index) and phytoplankton (saprobity index, biomass and chlorophyll «a»). The results of the environmental assessment of the quality of waters of the river Seversky Donets River and its major tributaries within the Kharkiv region on biological indicators of surface water quality, which are used in the method of environmental assessment of surface water quality (edition of 2012). The values of the generalized biological index (ІБ) of the average values of indicators show that the water researched areas of the rivers belong to the II and III water quality classes and graded as "good" and "moderate" as "clean" and "contaminated" by the degree of purity (contamination). Areas with the worst values of biological indicators summarizing experiencing the greatest anthropogenic load. BBІ more sensitive reacted to anthropogenic pressure and had a larger range of changes than TBI. Conclusions. In assessing the ecological status of water bodies is absolutely necessary to consider the role of the biological component to display the actual state of aquatic ecosystems. In assessing the ecological status of water bodies is absolutely necessary to consider the role of the biological component to display the actual state of aquatic ecosystems, which reflects the degree of wellbeing ecosystem of the water body as a whole.

There are highlights the ecological value of the forest as a set of executable him socially important functions: of soil, water conservation, climate-recreational, aesthetic and so on. Wood is also considered as a stable ecological and economic system of traditional commercial value. The approach on the identification of High Conservation Value Forest (HCVF). Determined that the basic principles of preservation and reproduction of forest resources, aimed at improving the environmental beneficial properties of wood, is to achieve environmentally oriented forest with the study and consideration of forest resources, depending on the zoning and comprehensive ecological and economic forest with environmentally advanced technologies.

Key factors of atmospheric air, surface and ground waters’pollution have been determined.Main directions in mapping of ecological conditions and environmental protection have been presented in the paper. Examples and contents of series of ecological maps of environment’s dynamic components of Kharkiv region have been given.

Based on the graphical analysis of the dynamics of pollutant emissions in the whole region, as well as, separate-ly, from stationary, mobile (vehicles) sources and from other mobile sources of pollution, found that the largest share of emissions into the atmosphere give stationary sources - namely, the production and electricity, gas and water. Analyze changes in emissions of each pollutant in the total emissions annually. It is found that the stationary sources emit more carbon dioxide emissions in mobile vehicles predominant sources of carbon oxide and by air, rail and other transport ejected more nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide.