nutrients

Purpose. Determining the role of certain nutrients to minimize the potential negative impacts of extreme weather events and increasing stress tolerance of crops. Methods. Investigations were carried out in conditions of long-term stationary experiment and in a temporary field experiment. Laboratory and analytical studies were carried out using standardized techniques. Results. In extremely dry conditions the balancing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur in fertilizer system and application of microelements during critical periods of growth and development of plants contributes to the improvement in the use of soil moisture and nitrogen and increase crop yields by an average of 20-25%. Conclusions. The adaptation of plants to extreme weather events, such as efficient use of water during droughts, depends on the availability of the necessary nutrients (providing plants with phosphorus, potassium, silicon, sulfur and micronutrients) and their application in the balance for the crop formation at a certain stage of ontogenesis. _____________________________________ Research conducted by grant support of the State Fund for Fundamental Research competition project F64.

Purpose. Features spatial-temporal distribution of major ions, organic matter and nutrients downstream. Methods. The chemical-analytical. Results. The results of spatial and temporal distribution of chemical elements by the length Southern Bug river. It was shown that changes of major ions concentrations due to the location of the natural features of the river. The long-term dynamics of nutrients in the water of the river Southern Bug and the estimated impact of Khmelnitsky city on it condition were studied. Conclusions. The surface water of the river within the influence of Khmelnitsky city characterized by chronic pollution of ammonium nitrogen and phosphorus mineral.

It is shown that two-times application of silicon- potassium concentrate on leaves can optimise not only potassium but also nitrogen and phosphate components of plants. The effectiveness of the detox-effect of silicon- potassium fertilization for leaves is studied. The Pb concentration has decreased in the chestnut leaves in 14 times, Cd concentration – in 2 times. Cd concentration in the linden leaves has decreased in 2 times, Pb concentration – in 1.9 times. In the linden flowers the Cd concentration has decreased in 2.5 times.

The questions about the role of the aquatic ecosystems biological component in the formation of sediment were reviewed. The role of aquatic organisms (phytoplankton, higher aquatic plants, invertebrates, and other groups of organisms) in self-purification of aquatic ecosystems and the formation of sediments were analyzed.