waste

Consider the feasibility of improving methods of establishing a class of environmental hazard waste, based on the calculation method used, taking into account the content of some chemical compounds - components of waste and hygiene, physical, chemical and toxicological characteristics. The method of risk assessment of wastes to the environment, taking into account environmental criteria by experimental determination of the total toxicity of all those present in the waste chemicals to organism srepresentatives of biota, soil, groundwater and surface water. By amending the present experimental technique for technique, based on the results of biological testing of water extracts from wastes will take into account the real danger of waste for biotic component of terrestrial and aquatic eco-systems.

Purpose. The article discusses the prospects for solving the problem of waste. The problem of generation, accumulation and waste management in the Carpathian region is being investigated. The problem of waste disposal is becoming increasingly important. Methods. Information analysis, an integrated approach, methods of comparative analysis and synthesis were used. Results. The state of waste problem in the Carpathian region is analyzed. Transcarpathian, Chernivets, Lviv and Ivano-Frankivsk regions were studied. Detailed attention is paid to the ways for waste management improvement. A detailed analysis of the waste composition in each region of the Carpathian region was carried out. The dynamics of statistical data on waste generation and utilization is presented. The main industries in the Carpathian region that pollute the environment are identified. The main enterprises as sources of waste generation are defined. Most waste is not recycled and goes to landfills. There is a low level of waste disposal. It has been established that the majority of operating landfills, waste disposal sites have already exhausted or practically exhausted their capacities. The problem of waste accumulation at landfills is described. The inefficiency of modern waste management mechanisms is shown. Emphasis is placed on the need to improve the environmental awareness of the population. Results. Low waste disposal is associated with economic inefficiency. The main reason for the increase in waste volumes is indicated. Conclusions. The main directions for solution the problem of waste disposal are indicated. The necessity of recycling waste is shown.

The landfill of waste from nickel production is situated to the south of Sereď in Slovak Republic. The landfill area covers around 50 ha. Volume is in present day 5.5 - 6.5 mil. [t] and in 1993 it was about 9 mil.[t]. The land-fill was formed during 30 years of manufacturing process, which was stopped due to the economic and ecologi-cal reasons in 1993. The pollution of base rocks, underground waters, soils and air pollution was noticed during production in the Nickel smelting plant and continues up to the present days. In this paper we focused on the current structure on the landfill of waste from nickel production and its impact on the environment. Physical and chemical properties of the waste are responsible for the creation of a specific ecosystem, not peculiar to the natural landscape, which negatively affects the quality of the environment. It is proposed to reduce waste using microwave vitrification method, although it is very expensive, but the most effective, because procedure in converting waste glass provides high chemical stability and water resistance.