Буц Ю. В.

The work involves providing recommendations on the procedure for the selection of hazardous substances for the SNSS units of Ukraine and improvement of the area of primary special treatment. An important operation in con-ducting both qualitative and quantitative analysis is the sampling of the substance for analysis. The purpose of the operation is to obtain additional information on the emergency situation. Sampling is performed to obtain infor-mation on the dangers of the substance, first of all, the study of samples in the laboratory. In addition, each sample reflects the real operational environment, since it gives an idea of the contamination and the amount of hazardous substances. The issue of sampling during an emergency for the detection of hazardous substances is not considered sufficiently carefully. Therefore, we proposed an improved procedure for sampling and an improved scheme of primary decontamination. An accident at a chemically hazardous facility poses a significant danger to both the production personnel and the public. The magnitude of this danger is higher, the higher the degree of toxicity of highly active poisonous substances. During an emergency, a chemical situation is performed on a chemically hazardous facility. Currently, there is a scheme for organizing a complete special processing. However, this scheme contains disadvantages affecting the elimination of the consequences of an emergency on a chemically hazardous facility. One of these shortcomings is the long time of deployment of a full special treatment area, which does not ensure the timely reduction and elimination of the level of pollution and its impact on the victims and minimize the effects of radiation, chemical and biological events. We have offered an improved scheme of organizing the area of primary decontamination, which allows to reduce the level of pollution of the victims. The recommendations are given and the scheme and the special processing process are improved, which allows to reduce as much as possible the level of pollution of the victims, and also to reduce the level of pollution on the border of the «warm» and «cold» zone and to prevent the spread of pollution beyond the danger zone. The proposed sampling procedure provides an opportunity to conduct qualitative sampling in a short time, allowing detecting the presence of dangerous substances during an emergency. Improvement of the scheme of primary special treatment can reduce the risks of emergencies of anthropogenic nature.

The analysis of possibility of the use of ash is conducted in building of road. The chemical analysis of row of ash is executed by atomic-adsorption spectroscopy method. Entering ecological danger of heavy metals to the environment in time destruction of road is set

Purpose. Investigation of dynamics of geochemical migration ability of heavy metals as a result of the ef-fect of man-made loading of pyrogenic origin. Methods. Analytical: atomic absorption analysis, pH-metric; the range of precipitation of hydroxides and the region of predominance of soluble hydroxocomplexes have been studied by constructing concentration-logarithmic diagrams (CRLs). Results. The results indicate the transformation of their migration properties. The diversity and versatility of behavior of chemical elements in environmental components after the fire was noted. In different ecological conditions, it is possible to observe a wide range of quantitative values of geochemical migration or accumulation of any particular chemical element. Analytical results show that the contents of migrant elements, pH values, areas of incidents, which are approximately in the same conditions, but passed by the grass or upper fire differ quite tangibly. Heavy metals that hit the environment can form difficult soluble hydroxides. In addition, in the soil solution, there is a probability of the formation of hydroxocomplexes with different amounts of hydroxide ions by metals. The range of precipitation of hydroxides and the region of predominance of soluble hydroxocomplexes have been studied by constructing concentration-logarithmic diagrams. On the basis of the calculations it can be argued that the influence of the technogenic loading of pyrogenic origin on the geochemical migration of heavy metals takes place. Compounds Fe3+ at the pH = 4.5-14, Cu2+ at pH = 7-14, Cr2+ at pH = 7-9, Zn2+ at pH= 8-11, Ni2+ at pH = 8-14 have the lowest migration potential. Compounds Pb2+ at pH = 9-12, Fe2+ - pH = 9.5-14 have the lowest migration potential also. In a more acidic environment, soluble substances are formed, but at a pH increase of only 0,5-1, they can decrease their mobility by an order of magnitude, which contributes to their concentration in the soils after the fire. In a neutral soil reaction, most of the heavy metals (Al, Cr, Zn, Cu, Fe (II), Ni) are in a slightly soluble form (in the form of hydroxides), with their migration capacity insignificant, which leads to the accumulation of these chemical elements in the soil . In a separate group it is necessary to allocate heavy metals moving in a neutral environment (Fe (II), Cd, Co, Mg, Mn). Any increase in pH values contributes to their fixation. Conclusions. The obtained calculations can be used to predict the geochemical migration of heavy metals in soils after the man-made consequences of emergencies of pyrogenic origin.

Theoretical study to determine the factors that influence emergencies natural disasters caused by fire in the environment. An improved classification of forest fire risks and identified key priorities for further research to develop a methodology for assessing of forest fire risks.

The basis of the mathematical models of flooding in coastal areas of the reservoir taken the fundamental equations of continuity and flow in porous media, mass transfer and mass transfer. The influence of physical and chemical processes of a filtration small disperse the weighed particles on process of flooding by subsoil waters is defined.

Theoretical researches about the role of fire factor in forming, functioning, stability and dynamics of geosystems are presented. Analysis of common modern scientific concepts in relation to renewal of natural complexes is conducted. A concept «fire relaxation geosystems» and his correlations with other processes of researches after fire influence is considered. Present results in relation to the consequences of influence of fire factor on an environment require generalization, with the purpose of exposure of conformities to the law of renewal and renewal of geosystems after the consequences of influence caused fires depending on a geographical zonality, landscape structured and individual features of geosystems.

The problem of fires in natural ecosystems is presented. Generalization is conducted and classification of mathematical models that has deal with and distribution of landscape firesis resulted . Mathematical models that were created domestic scientists in the last few years are analysed. It is found out that scientific researches are related to the mathematical design of fires in natural ecosystem and have the mainly applied value, and were directed on providing of fire safety of the forests and liquidation of landscape fires.

The daily allowance states of NTC are spatio-temporal units from relatively by the permanent parameters of natural environment, which are changed for a year. The terms of burning belong to these parameters, and consequently, and descriptions of fires which develop in these states. An analysis of forest fires is in the Kharkov region rotined that overwhelming amount of fires and the area of forest fires that is filled by fire, observed in a spring, lately spring, autumn and lately autumn semigumidnye makrotermal steks.

A retrospective analysis of the water quality of surface water sources, found reasons for deterioration of product quality and developed recommendations for improving the use of technical solutions for potable water for the population.

Districting of the Kharkiv area is presented after a possible ecological risk from the origin of emergencies on the objects of the increased danger. The map of level of danger of ecological threat is created in the districts of area and they are conducted ranking. The closeness of placing of potential sources of technogenic hazard is appraised for all districts of area which gives a right with the reliable fate of convention to talk about the measure of technogenic danger of territory of investigational districts of the Kharkiv region.