Некос А. Н.

Authorial determination of cultural landscapes is given in the article. The personal touches are distinguished and their classification is improved, examples are made on Kharkov. During research generalized conception of cultural landscape in home geography. A cultural landscape is marked on the necessity of the legal fixing of concept.

The current system of air monitoring in Kharkiv was analyzed. It was determined, that the technical equipment of the monitoring network is not ideal. A new modern monitoring system for continuous research and providing access to timely information about the status of air environment of the city is need. This will improve the efficiency of decision making in the field of air protection.

The problem of smoking is almost the most common among human addictions, which is very difficult to give up. A person spends a lot of his life neglecting his health to buy cigarettes and get temporary pleasure. The issue of quality and environmental safety of cigarette components – tobacco, tissue paper and filters worries both cigarette consumers and environmentalists, doctors and others. specialists. Of course, the use of low-quality product from cigarette manufacturers harms not only the human body but also the environment. Purpose. Determine the quality and environmental safety (presence of concentrations of heavy metals) of tobacco, cigarette paper and cigarette filters of domestic and foreign brands. Methods. Methods of atomic absorption spectrometry using the atomic absorption spectrometer MGA 915 MD. Results. Experimental studies by atomic absorption analysis on the concentrations of heavy metals in to-bacco, cigarette filters and paper showed the presence of heavy metals: Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb. Studies of vari-ous tobacco brands have found that the highest concentrations of heavy metals were in the tobacco of the cheapest cigarettes (up to 150 mg / kg), in cigarette paper found only Mn, Zn., When comparing the content of the most toxic heavy metals Cd and Pb in the cigarettes "Parliament" and "Kyiv" and "LM" it was determined that in the tobacco of "Parliament" cigarettes HM concentrations are 7–10 times lower.. Conclusions. There is a tendency to decrease the concentration of heavy metals in the components of cigarettes depending on the price category of the tobacco product. Thus, for the most part, the components of cigarettes of domestic brands have tens of times higher concentrations of heavy metals than cigarettes of the American manufacturer.

Due to the rapid development of urban areas, the environment is undergoing significant changes. This also applies to the visual environment. Man deforms the appearance of the natural environment, adjusts to himself, constantly bringing new and new architectural structures and elements. However, solving the problems of urban infrastructure has exacerbated the problems of visual comfort. Therefore, there is a need for a clear assessment of the visual environment. Purpose. To determine the qualitative characteristics of the video-ecological situation of the Kholodnogirsk administrative district of the city of Kharkiv. Methods. Field research and assessment of the visual environment of the city district; method of objective assessment by photofixation; quantitative method of assessing the aggressiveness of the visual urban environment; method of calculating the index of severity of the lesion and the degree of lesion of White Mistletoe. Results. The various visual fields of the urban environment, homogeneous and aggressive, were investigated and determined. The smallest indicator of the homogeneity of the visual environment in the Kholodnogirsk district of Kharkiv is observed around the territory of the Yunost Park – 3%, the largest – around the park on the Volonteer Street - 55%. It is determined that the index of aggressiveness of the visual environment varies from 0.66 to the maximum possible 1. The degree of landscaping of the Kholodnogirsk district of the city of Kharkiv is established. The maximum rate of landscaping - 37%, determined in the park on the Volonteer Street and the minimum - 6% on the Pryvokzalʹna ploshcha. The results of calculations of the index of severity of damage and the degree of damage to trees of recreational areas of the area by mistletoe (Viscum album L.) showed - severity index – 10.5% and degree of damage – 27.3%, observed in Tivoli Garden, the smallest – in Yunost Park – 3.4% (index of seriousness) and the square of O. I. Meshchaninov Square – 8% ( degree of damage to tree species). Conclusions. In recent years, there has been a significant deterioration in the visual environment in cities where most of the population lives. It was revealed that for the territory of the Kholodnogirsk district of the city of Kharkiv, the highest homogeneity indicators are inherent in locations with old buildings, and aggressiveness is in a new building. This demonstrates the need for a well-equipped recreation areas that can "mask" of visual ground discomfort urbogeosystem. An important component of the comfortable visual environment of the city - landscaping, for the Kholodnogirsk district of Kharkiv, in accordance with the standards, is not sufficient. One of the most important factors in reducing the number of green areas is the invasion of tree species by mistletoe (Viscum album L.) It is necessary to focus the attention of local authorities on videoecological problems requiring a comprehensive solution.

One of the key planned outcomes of Erasmus+ project “Integrated Doctoral Program for Environmental Policy, Management and Technology – INTENSE” is development of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)

Purpose. Estimation of ecological safety of spring waters of the city of Kharkiv. Methods. Field research, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, analytical methods for studying water quality indicators. Results. Natural water samples were analyzed on the following parameters: pH, electrical potential, nitrate content, chlorides, ammonia, transparency, turbidity, and water hardness. The highest values of the content of nitrates, nitrites, as well as the level of alkalinity and rigidity were found in a sample from the Kholodnogorsk spring. In the water from the Zhukovsky spring the high content of chlorides is found, which is one and a half times higher than the concentration in water from other city springs. In the water from the Glyboky Yar spring the lowest mineralization of water was detected, and in the water from the Sarzhin Yar spring - the highest of the studied samples of water from the natural springs of Kharkiv. However, all identified pollutant concentrations except for the rigidity index is not dangerous for a person, because they are not exceeded by the MAC. The results of research on water samples from the Sarzhin Yar spring and from the spring in Yunost park (Kholodnogorsk source) in 2019, compared to the results of a similar study conducted in 2015. It was determined that in the water from the Sarzhin Yar spring the rigidity index increased 3.4 times, and in the sample from the spring in Yunost park (Kholodnogorsk spring) almost 6 times. Conclusions. It is determined that in the territory of the city of Kharkiv, water from the Zhukovskii spring in the Kyivskiy district is fully suitable for consumption, because its chemical composition is fully in line with the sanitary norms that apply to drinking spring waters. The value of the level of hardness of water in all samples, except Zhukovsky spring, indicate that the normative value exceeds 2-3 times. The rigidity of drinking water that exceeds the MAC may adversely affect human health. Therefore, the only ecologically safe, among the investigated, can be considered water from the Zhukovsky spring (Kievskiy district in Kharkiv). For other sources, it is recommended to modernize the water collection sites for the population, reconstruct the system of water supply for the supply of water from these sources, as well as to introduce additional stages of their treatment on the way to the consumer.

Purpose. Assess the visual environment of the Novobavarskiy district within Kharkiv urban ecosystem. Methods. Field-based visual observation, photophixation and video recording, statistical. Results. We used a five-point scale to assess the "attractiveness" of territories and objects regarding the psycho-physiological state of a person to determine the quality of the visual environment of Novobavarskiy district, Kharkiv. As a result of video-environmental studies, it was discovered that there are homogeneous and aggressive fields in the visual environment on the territory of Kharkiv. In most cases the aesthetics of the district architecture has a neutral character, bacause a significant number of buildings does not have a variety of visual elements, so as homogeneous and aggressive areas can be found in great variety. It is determined that in the district there are 36% of comfortable visual fields, 13% are homogeneous and 51% are aggressive visual fields. Recently, there has been positive dynamics in the formation of a comfortable visual environment of the district's housing stock. When building new houses and renovating old buildings, different colours for facades are used. The interior is filled with attractive children's playgrounds and green spaces which transforms the aggressive and homogeneous fields of the visual environment into a comfortable one. Conclusions. The situation shows that it is necessary to create a comfortable visual environment that is not represented sufficiently in this district. In this case, there is a real threat to the physiological functions of the brain regarding the perception of information about the visual environment. And in the future it is also necessary to solve these problems using technologies that have been tested and implemented successfully in European countries.

The paper presents results of empirical research regarding trofogeography concentrations of heavy metals in soil and plant production of natural areas and regions of Ukraine. Value of the index calculated by the geographical back-ground of trace elements to vegetables vary in natural areas.

We discuss the content and structure of modern ecology and educational aspect of the use of the term “neoecology” when training in ecology, environmental protection and balanced nature.

Purpose. determine and substantiate effective methods of implementation the competence approach of personally oriented direction during teaching ecology in schools. Methods. Traditional pedagogical, sociological, statistical. Results. According to the research, the students expressed a desire to study ecology in themes other lessons, based on differentiated and interdisciplinary principles. Among the methods of learning, interest was aroused excursions to industrial plants and wastewater treatment plants, nature lessons, experiments with animals, practice in laboratory and viewing of thematic movies. Most children agreed to participate in environmental projects as volunteers, guided by motives of environmental protection. Conclusions. The investigated approaches contribute to the motivation; meet individual learner needs and professional self-realization; as well as the development and consolidation of competences necessary for harmonious human coexistence with the environment.